Clinical manifestations of cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest is not common in life, but it is very harmful to patients. It mainly refers to the sudden severe contraction and cessation of pumping function of the patient's heart. CA causes circulation interruption and can cause symptoms of ischemia and hypoxia throughout the body. At this time, heart sounds often disappear and pupils dilate, posing a great threat to the patient's life safety. Let’s take a look at this aspect.

Clinical manifestations of cardiac arrest:

After cardiac arrest, circulation stops immediately, and the whole body suffers from ischemia and hypoxia. Since the brain is most sensitive to hypoxia, the clinical manifestations are most obvious in the circulatory and nervous systems.

1. Heart sounds disappear.

2. The pulse cannot be felt and the blood pressure cannot be measured.

3. Sudden loss of consciousness or accompanied by short convulsions.

4. Breathing is intermittent, sigh-like, and then stops, usually occurring within 30 seconds after cardiac arrest.

5. The pupils are dilated and the reaction to light disappears.

6. Pale complexion with cyanosis.

Causes

The common causes of cardiac arrest in the "2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care" are summarized as: ① Lack of O2. ②Hypokalemia/hyperkalemia and other electrolyte abnormalities. ③Hypothermia/hyperthermia. ④Hypovolemia. ⑤Hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia. ⑥Medication. ⑦ Cardiac tamponade. ⑧Pulmonary embolism. ⑨Coronary vascular embolism. ⑩Pneumothorax, asthma.

First aid measures

Every second counts in the rescue of cardiac arrest. Never wait for the ambulance to arrive before sending the patient to the hospital for treatment. Take the following emergency measures immediately to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (1) For chest compression, use one hand to support the patient's neck and lift it up. Use the other hand to press the patient's forehead and push it slightly backward, so that the lower jaw is tilted up and the head is tilted back, which facilitates ventilation. Perform chest compressions. Place a hard board on the patient's back and perform mouth-to-mouth artificial resuscitation. Observe the patient's pupils. If they shrink (the most sensitive and meaningful vital sign) and his face and lips turn red, the rescue is effective. (2) Acupuncture at the Ren Zhong point, the Lao Gong point on the palm of the hand, or the Yong Quan point on the sole of the foot can play a rescue role. (3) Quickly remove vomit from the throat to prevent it from blocking the respiratory tract or flowing back into the lungs, causing suffocation and aspiration pneumonia. (4) Apply an ice pack to your head to cool down. (5) Send the patient to hospital for emergency treatment.