What does routine blood and urine test check?

Routine blood and urine tests are indeed a way to diagnose corresponding diseases through examination. If the urine is found to be blood red, it is often caused by acute cystitis, urinary tract stones, schistosomiasis, etc.

1. Urine

It is one of the “three major routine” items in medical examinations. Proteinuria or formed elements in urine sediment can be seen in the early stages of many kidney diseases. It also has important reference value for the diagnosis of certain systemic diseases and diseases of other organs in the body that affect urine changes, such as diabetes, blood diseases, liver and gallbladder diseases, hemorrhagic fever, etc. At the same time, urine tests can also reflect the treatment effect and prognosis of some diseases. This examination can be used to determine the corresponding symptoms.

2. Abnormal results:

1. Urine color: red indicates hematuria: acute cystitis, urinary tract stones, tumors, renal tuberculosis; milky white indicates chyluria (chyluria), filariasis, and urinary tract purulent infection. Dark yellow or red tea-like color: jaundice.

2. Urine transparency and turbidity: when there are large amounts of crystals, blood, pus and chyluria.

3. Uric acid alkalinity (urine pH value). Understanding the acidity and alkalinity of urine can provide important clues for diagnosing certain kidney or metabolic diseases.

4. Urine specific gravity. In pathological conditions, the increase or decrease in urine specific gravity mainly depends on the concentrating function of the kidneys. Low specific gravity is seen in chronic nephritis and diabetes insipidus.

5. Microscopic examination: Red blood cells, increased: urinary system stones, pyelonephritis, nephritis, tuberculosis, acute cystitis, urinary system tumors. White blood cell: increased: urinary tract infection, tuberculosis. Granular casts

, continuous and large amounts appear in acute and chronic nephritis. Hyaline casts sometimes appear in small amounts in nephritis, pyelonephritis, and febrile diseases.

6. Chemical examination: protein, positive: nephritis, chronic nephritis; urinary tract infection, high fever, renal tuberculosis. Sugar, positive: diabetes. Ketone bodies, positive: excessive hunger, severe diabetes. Urobilinogen

, which is greater than normal, is seen in jaundice and hemolytic jaundice caused by hepatitis, liver cancer, etc. Bilirubin, positive: obstructive jaundice. People who need to be examined: Patients with urinary system diseases.