Antisocial personality disorder

Among all personality disorders, antisocial personality disorder is the type that has the greatest impact and harm on society. Its biggest characteristics are aggressiveness and lack of shame. People with antisocial personality disorder are very dangerous. It is fine if they do not show symptoms, but once they do, they may cause serious social incidents. We must have a certain understanding of the personality traits of this group of people and have certain psychological precautions.

Characteristics of the disease ① It is well known that patients with highly aggressive antisocial personality disorder have high impulsivity and aggressiveness, but some do not have aggressive behavior. Cleckley (1941) divided personality disorders into two types: impulsive-aggressive and socially withdrawn. Buydeus-Branchey et al. (1989) found that people who had engaged in violent behavior before the age of 15 were more likely to engage in violence in adulthood than those who had not engaged in such behavior before the age of 15. They divided antisocial personality into two categories: those with aggressive behavior and those without it. The former had a lifelong tendency to engage in physical violence.

② Lack of shame: It is believed that such people have no sense of shame and lack the autonomic nervous system response related to anxiety (including skin direct current response). James et al. (1983) observed anxiety and depression in 524 people with antisocial personality disorder and 524 people with non-personality disorder. The results showed that 25% of the patients with antisocial personality disorder had anxiety and depression, and the incidence rate was not significantly different from that of the control group. James et al. called those antisocial personalities accompanied by anxiety and depression "dysphoric psychopathy". Compared with antisocial personality patients without anxiety, these people show difficulties in intellectual functioning, suicidal ideation, irritability, other neurotic characteristics, long hospitalization time and poor response to treatment. They suggest that psychosis with concurrent anxiety and depression may represent a distinct syndrome. Blackburn suggested that psychopathy be divided into two types: anxious and non-anxious. The former is a secondary personality change; the latter is a primary psychopathy, which is equivalent to Karpman's (1948) true psychopathy [2].

③ The behavior of patients with unplanned behavior is mostly driven by accidental motives, emotional impulses, or instinctive desires, and lacks planning or premeditation. Arieti (1967) divided psychopathy into simple and complex types. Both types are egocentric, but the antisocial behavior of simple types generally lacks premeditation, while patients with complex psychopaths often have plans before things happen and can achieve the purpose of their behavior. Therefore, it is inappropriate to determine the nature of an aggressive act based solely on whether it was planned or not. ④ Social maladjustment ICD-10 (1992) believes that antisocial personality disorder is often noticeable because its behavior deviates significantly from recognized social norms. Maladjustment is an important characteristic of psychopaths. The disorder is a persistent and entrenched pattern of maladaptive behavior due to a lack of awareness of one's own personality defects and an inability to learn from experience. However, some authors have made the case for good adaptation. Henderson (1939) proposed the concept of creative psychopathology and cited two cases of individuals who pursued their creativity in different ways but had little in common with each other.

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