Symptoms of Myocardial Infarction

There are many types of diseases, so different diseases require different treatments. If you want to treat your own disease well, the choice of method is still very critical. Therefore, when treating the disease, you also need to know the symptoms and treatment methods of the disease. What are the symptoms of myocardial infarction? Many people do not understand the symptoms of this disease very well.

So what are the specific symptoms of myocardial infarction? The following is a detailed introduction so that you can have a good understanding of this issue. In the treatment of the disease, you can also choose corresponding treatment methods to help improve the disease.

Symptoms of myocardial infarction:

1. Premonitory symptoms: About 2/3 of patients with acute myocardial infarction have premonitory symptoms a few days before the onset of the disease. The most common is angina pectoris, followed by upper abdominal pain, chest tightness and shortness of breath, numbness of upper limbs, dizziness, palpitations, shortness of breath, irritability, etc. Half of the angina pectoris are new-onset angina pectoris, and the other half have existing angina pectoris. The attacks are frequent or the pain is aggravated and prolonged. The cause is not obvious. Nitroglycerin has poor efficacy. The angina pectoris is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, acute heart failure, severe arrhythmia or large fluctuations in blood pressure. At the same time, the electrocardiogram shows that the ST segment is temporarily significantly elevated or depressed, and the T wave is inverted or increased. You should be alert to the possibility of myocardial infarction in the near future. Discovering the early signs and providing timely and active treatment may help some patients avoid myocardial infarction.

2. Clinical symptoms of acute myocardial infarction

(1) Pain: It is the first and most prominent symptom of acute myocardial infarction. The typical location is behind the sternum to the pharynx or in the precordial area, radiating to the left shoulder and left arm. The pain is sometimes in the upper abdomen or xiphoid process, and there is often a feeling of tightness and discomfort in the posterior part of the lower sternum, or accompanied by nausea and vomiting, which is common in inferior wall myocardial infarction. Atypical sites of pain include right chest, jaw, neck, teeth, and rarely head, lower limbs, thighs, and even toes. The pain may be squeezing or compressive, or tight or burning, often accompanied by restlessness, sweating, fear, or a sense of impending death. The duration is often greater than 30 minutes, even up to more than 10 hours, and rest and sublingual nitroglycerin generally cannot provide relief.

A small number of patients with acute myocardial infarction do not have pain, but instead have heart failure, shock, sudden death and arrhythmia as the first symptoms. The absence of pain symptoms may also be seen in the following situations: ① patients with diabetes; ② the elderly; ③ patients with acute myocardial infarction after recovery from surgical anesthesia; ④ patients with cerebrovascular disease; ⑤ patients with dehydration and acidosis.

(2) Systemic symptoms: mainly fever, accompanied by tachycardia, leukocytosis and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, etc., caused by the absorption of necrotic substances. It usually appears 24 to 48 hours after the onset of pain, and the severity is often positively correlated with the range of infarction. The body temperature is generally around 38°C, rarely exceeding 39°C, and lasts for about 1 week.

(3) Gastrointestinal symptoms: Severe pain is often accompanied by frequent nausea, vomiting, and upper abdominal distension and pain, which is related to the stimulation of the vagus nerve by the necrotic myocardium, decreased cardiac output, and insufficient tissue perfusion. Intestinal flatulence is also not uncommon. In severe cases, hiccups may occur.

Through the above introduction, there are some symptoms of myocardial infarction. If patients experience these conditions, they must go to the hospital for treatment, and some serious patients also need to be hospitalized. This will be of great help in improving the disease and allowing the disease to be well controlled.