Nursing measures for coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease is actually coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, which is a type of heart disease. We know that the heart plays a very important role in the human body. Once our heart stops beating, we will die. Therefore, we must protect our heart well. There are many factors that lead to coronary heart disease. It is generally believed that high blood pressure, obesity and an unhealthy lifestyle may lead to the occurrence of coronary heart disease.

The occurrence of coronary heart disease seriously affects the patient's physical health, so we must actively treat coronary heart disease. Patients with coronary heart disease must receive good care during the recovery period of the disease. We need to understand some care measures for coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease is referred to as CHD. It means that due to abnormal lipid metabolism, lipids in the blood are deposited on the originally smooth lining of the arteries. Some atherosclerotic lipid substances accumulate in the lining of the arteries to form white plaques, which are called atherosclerotic lesions. The gradual increase of these plaques causes the narrowing of the arterial lumen, obstructing blood flow, leading to myocardial ischemia and producing angina pectoris.

(1) Control total calories and maintain a normal weight. The proportion of sugar in total calories should be controlled at 60%-70%. It is better to eat more coarse grains to increase the content of complex sugars, fiber and vitamins. Monosaccharides and disaccharides should be properly controlled, especially for those with hyperlipidemia and obesity.

(2) Limit fat. Fat intake should be limited to less than 30% of total calories, mainly plant fat. Eat some lean meat, poultry and fish in moderation. According to epidemiological survey data, the incidence of coronary heart disease is high among Europeans and Americans, while it is low among Japanese in Asia. Fishermen in Zhoushan, my country and Eskimos in the Arctic hardly suffer from coronary heart disease. The average European and American eats 20 grams of fish per day, the Japanese eat 100 grams of fish per day, and the Zhoushan and Eskimos eat 300 to 400 grams of fish per day. Scientists have discovered that the fat of marine fish contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can affect the body's lipid metabolism, lower serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides as well as low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, thereby protecting the cardiovascular system and preventing coronary heart disease. It can be seen that eating more marine fish is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Cholesterol intake in the diet should be controlled, and the daily cholesterol intake should be less than 300 mg. The cholesterol in one egg is close to 300 mg. When suffering from coronary heart disease, the egg intake should be controlled, and should be half an egg per day or one egg every two days. Do not eat several eggs a day. Limit the animal's internal organs, brains, etc.

(3) Appropriate amount of protein. Protein is an essential nutrient for maintaining the heart and can enhance immunity, but excessive protein intake is not good for coronary heart disease. Because protein is difficult to digest, it can speed up metabolism and increase the burden on the heart. Some scholars have observed that excessive intake of animal protein will increase the incidence of coronary heart disease. So protein should be consumed in moderation. The protein content in daily food should not exceed 1 gram per kilogram of body weight. Milk, yogurt, fish and soy products should be selected, which are beneficial for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.

(4) The diet should be light and low in salt. It is especially important for people with hypertension to control salt intake below 5 grams per day. The amount of activity can be increased or decreased appropriately according to the season. For example: In summer, people sweat more and engage in more outdoor activities, so they can increase their salt intake appropriately. In winter, people sweat less and their activity level decreases accordingly, so their salt intake should be controlled.

(5) Eat more protective foods. Such as onions, garlic, alfalfa, alfalfa, fungus, kelp, shiitake mushrooms, seaweed, etc. Researchers have found that garlic and onions contain essential oils, which are effective ingredients in preventing and treating atherosclerosis. Essential oil is a mixture of sulfur compounds, mainly allyl disulfide and diallyl disulfide. If you eat raw garlic at the rate of 1 gram per kilogram of body weight, or raw onion at the rate of 2 grams per kilogram of body weight, it can help prevent coronary heart disease. Drinking tea in moderation can prevent and treat coronary heart disease. Tea has the effect of anti-coagulation and promoting fibrinolysis. Tea polyphenols in tea can improve the permeability of microvascular walls, effectively enhance the elasticity and resistance of the myocardium and blood vessel walls, and reduce the degree of atherosclerosis. The caffeine and theanolide in tea can directly excite the heart, dilate coronary arteries and enhance myocardial function.

(6) Provide sufficient vitamins, inorganic salts and trace elements. You should pay attention to eating more foods containing magnesium, chromium, zinc, calcium and selenium in your diet. Foods rich in magnesium include millet, corn, beans and bean products, wolfberry, longan, etc. Magnesium can affect blood lipid metabolism and thrombosis, promote fibrinolysis, inhibit coagulation or stabilize platelets and prevent platelet aggregation. Foods rich in chromium include yeast, beef, liver, whole grains, cheese, brown sugar, etc. Chromium can increase the breakdown and excretion of cholesterol. Animal experiments have shown that trace amounts of chromium can prevent the formation of atherosclerosis and lower cholesterol. Foods rich in zinc include meat, oysters, eggs and milk. Scientists believe that the zinc-copper ratio can affect serum cholesterol levels. Foods rich in calcium include milk, soy products, and seafood such as dried shrimps. Recent studies have shown that increasing the calcium content in the diet can prevent high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia caused by a high-fat diet. When magnesium intake is increased, the above symptoms can be alleviated or even eliminated. When people increase their calcium intake, they also increase their magnesium intake. Foods rich in selenium include oysters, scallops, dried shrimps, prawns, and fish. Selenium supplementation can resist atherosclerosis, reduce whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity, increase coronary blood flow, and reduce the degree of myocardial damage. ?Eating more vegetables and fruits is good for the heart. Vegetables and fruits are indispensable foods in the human diet, containing rich vitamin C, inorganic salts, cellulose and pectin. Green vegetables or yellow fruits and vegetables contain more carotene, which has antioxidant effects. Vitamin C can affect myocardial metabolism, increase vascular toughness and elasticity. Large doses of vitamin C can oxidize cholesterol into bile acid and excrete it from the body. Kiwi, orange, lemon and purple eggplant are rich in vitamin C. You should eat more foods rich in vitamin C.

(7) Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and high-fat, high-cholesterol foods. Patients with coronary heart disease should quit smoking, reduce their alcohol consumption, and avoid drinking alcohol when they have hyperlipidemia. You should avoid or use less whole milk, cream, egg yolk, fatty pork, fatty lamb, fatty beef, liver, offal, butter, lard, tallow, mutton fat, and coconut oil.

Above we introduced what coronary heart disease is. We know that coronary heart disease is a type of heart disease. The occurrence of coronary heart disease poses a serious threat to the patient's health, so we must do a good job in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. The above article introduces in detail the nursing measures for coronary heart disease.