Oral melanoma

Many people now pay more attention to oral diseases. This is because such diseases develop rapidly and the treatment methods are indeed complicated. Although such diseases may seem minor, they can be life-threatening when they become serious. This is especially true for oral melanoma, which is a very serious oral disease. After contracting the disease, the teeth and gums will undergo significant changes. If you have such a disease, you must seek timely treatment. What exactly is oral melanoma? Let's take a detailed look below.

Oral melanoma is relatively rare. Generally, melanoma occurs on the skin, but in some patients, melanoma occurs on the oral mucosa. Oral melanoma often occurs in the palate, gums and buccal mucosa. The tumor is a blue-black, flat or slightly raised mass that spreads rapidly and infiltrates into the submucosal and bone tissue. About 70% of oral melanomas metastasize to local lymph nodes in the early stage, and 40% may have distant metastasis, so they are extremely malignant.

The cause of oral melanoma is different from that of melanoma on the skin. The main cause of skin melanoma is the malignant transformation of pigmented nevus. The cause of oral melanoma is due to the malignant transformation of mucosal melanoma. Not all mucosal melanomas are the cause of oral melanoma. About 30% of mucosal melanomas will become cancerous. The early symptoms of oral melanoma are often not obvious. Patients with metastasis may experience swollen lymph nodes, rapid increase in the area of pigmented spots, and increased pigmentation, which may lead to ulcers, pain and other symptoms. What are the causes and symptoms of oral melanoma? Oral melanoma can metastasize in the late stage, even to distant sites, so the patient's metastasis symptoms will be very obvious.

Generally, the symptoms of late-stage metastasis of oral melanoma mainly manifest as dysphagia, hoarseness, foreign body sensation, etc. caused by metastasis to the esophagus; symptoms such as cough, blood in sputum, asthma, chest pain, pleural effusion, etc. will appear when metastasis to the lungs; symptoms such as right upper abdominal pain, jaundice, ascites, nausea and vomiting, etc. will appear when metastasis to the liver. In addition, oral melanoma may metastasize to the brain in the late stage, causing patients to experience symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, projectile vomiting, hydrocephalus, etc.; bone metastasis can cause oral melanoma patients to experience symptoms such as bone pain, fractures and hypercalcemia.

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