What does umbilical cord blood flow mean?

In daily life, pregnancy is a physiological process that women must go through. Every woman will undergo various examinations during this process to confirm the development of the fetus in the mother's body. Among them, the umbilical cord blood test is a relatively common examination. The umbilical cord blood test can determine whether the fetus has congenital malformations or other congenital diseases. Every family hopes that their baby is still healthy, so the examination during pregnancy must be done and do not ignore it.

The purpose of checking the umbilical cord blood flow is to determine the development of the fetus in the uterus, such as whether there is intrauterine growth retardation, whether there is a tendency to develop pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, and whether there is intrauterine fetal hypoxia. Umbilical cord blood flow may sometimes show abnormalities due to fetal chromosomal abnormalities, congenital malformations, etc. Abnormal umbilical cord blood flow may also be related to developmental defects and histological abnormalities of the placenta. The normal value is related to the number of weeks of pregnancy. There are three main items, with the S/D value as the main indicator. The normal value is usually an S/D value of less than or equal to 3.0 in the late pregnancy. Inspection method: Normal values are related to the number of weeks of pregnancy. There are three main items, with the S/D value being the main indicator. The S/D value in the late pregnancy is less than or equal to 3.0 as the normal value. Umbilical cord blood flow is closely related to the gestational age. Generally, with the increase of gestational age, the umbilical cord blood flow shows a downward trend. The normal value of umbilical cord blood flow is an average of 3.5 at 24 weeks, and the upper limit is 4.25. Values exceeding this value are abnormal. An umbilical artery blood flow detector can be used to detect umbilical artery blood flow on the fetal limb side. The built-in software will automatically measure the blood flow impedance grade based on the measured S/D, PI, RI, and FUR blood flow indicators. These are all indicators for measuring umbilical artery blood flow impedance (indicating the circulation status between the fetus and the placenta).

RI: umbilical artery resistance index. S/D: peak-to-trough ratio of umbilical artery blood flow velocity. During normal pregnancy, the S/D and RI values of the fetus tend to decrease as the pregnancy progresses. In particular, the change in the S/D value is an important indicator for understanding whether the fetal development is normal. What symptoms can easily be confused with umbilical cord blood flow? Stage 1: During the 26th to 28th week of pregnancy, if the S/D and RI values increase (after 28 weeks, the S/D should be less than 3 and the RI should be less than 0.8), the following should be considered: (1) Fetal malformation: Congenital fetal diseases are closely related to umbilical artery resistance and should be further examined by ultrasound. (2) Umbilical cord abnormality: When the umbilical cord is entangled, too long or too short, or too thin, affecting the placental circulation, the blood flow impedance index will become abnormal. If the S/D value is higher than normal and ultrasound shows abnormal conditions such as the umbilical cord around the neck, the baby should be closely observed according to the stage of pregnancy. (3) Placental dysfunction: Pathological changes in the placenta can lead to a decrease in placental volume, a decrease in the total cross-sectional area of effective blood vessels, and an increase in blood flow resistance, resulting in a decrease in blood perfusion. (4) Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR): There are many reasons for pregnant women to suffer from IUGR. In addition to genetic nutrition, harmful contact, malformation, virus and other factors, the proportion of IUGR caused by pregnancy appendages such as the placenta is increasing, which is manifested by increased S/D and RI values.

Phase II : Monitoring after 36 to 37 weeks, the umbilical artery blood flow impedance is divided into three levels. Level 1: S/D value <3.0, umbilical artery blood flow impedance is at a normal level. Grade 2: S/D value > 3.0 but < 4.0, which will not cause acute fetal distress and should be treated promptly to prevent the condition from worsening. Level 3: S/D value>4.0, which will lead to poor perinatal prognosis. The third stage: Umbilical artery impedance index during delivery: When a normal pregnant woman is about to give birth, the S/D value does not change significantly. If the index is abnormal, it indicates a poor perinatal prognosis. If abnormal umbilical cord blood flow is diagnosed, it is best to count fetal movements every day to monitor the fetal condition. If the abnormal umbilical cord blood flow is not very serious, it is recommended to lie on the left side. If there is no improvement, oxygen therapy is required if necessary.

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