Platelet 14

With modern medical technology, it is possible to infer whether a person has a platelet-related disease based on the platelet content in the human body. Moreover, thrombocytopenia is a common platelet disease, which can cause diseases and complications such as scurvy. So if the platelet count is too low, you need to pay special attention. So when the platelet count is detected to be only 14, what should you do?

The concept of platelet count refers to the number of platelets in a unit volume of blood. The normal value of platelet count is 100-300×10^9/L. Thrombocytopenia causes prolonged bleeding time, and bleeding may occur in severe injury or in an excited state. When the platelet count is <50×10^9/L, mild injuries may cause purpura of the skin and mucous membranes, and bleeding may occur after surgery; when the platelet count is <20×10^9/L, spontaneous bleeding often occurs. It is generally believed that when the platelet count is <20×10^9/L, prophylactic platelet transfusion is required. If the platelet count is >50×10^9/L and the platelet function is normal, there will be no obvious bleeding during the operation.

1. Thrombocytosis: When the platelet count is >400×10^9/L, it is thrombocytosis. Primary thrombocytosis is common in myeloproliferative diseases, such as chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, etc.; thrombocytosis is common in patients with acute and chronic inflammation, iron deficiency anemia and cancer. This type of increase generally does not exceed 500×10^9/L. The situation improves after treatment and the platelet count will quickly drop to normal levels. After splenectomy, platelet count will increase significantly, often higher than 600×10^9/L, and then slowly decrease to the normal range.

2. Thrombocytopenia: When the platelet count is <100×10^9/L, it is thrombocytopenia, which is common in platelet production disorders such as aplastic anemia, acute leukemia, acute radiation sickness, etc.; increased platelet destruction, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, hypersplenism, Gaucher disease, etc., excessive consumption such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, familial thrombocytopenia such as giant platelet syndrome, etc.

Related Introduction

Generation process

Produced by megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Multipotent hematopoietic stem cells undergo directed differentiation in hematopoietic tissues to form primitive megakaryocytes, and then further become mature megakaryocytes. Many depressions are formed on the surface of the mature megakaryocyte membrane, extending into the cytoplasm. Adjacent depressed cell membranes fuse with each other deep in the depressions, separating part of the megakaryocyte cytoplasm from the mother cell. Finally, these components separated from the megakaryocyte cytoplasm and surrounded by the cell membrane leave the megakaryocyte, enter the blood circulation through the blood sinusoids in the bone marrow hematopoietic tissue and become platelets. Newly generated platelets first pass through the spleen, where about 1/3 are stored. Stored platelets can be freely exchanged with platelets entering the circulating blood to maintain the normal amount in the blood. The number of platelets produced by each megakaryocyte is approximately 200 to 8,000 per cubic millimeter. It is generally believed that the production of platelets is regulated by thrombopoietin in the blood, but its detailed process and mechanism are still unclear. The life span of platelets is about 7 to 14 days, and about 1/10 of the total amount is renewed every day. Most aging platelets are cleared in the spleen.

Platelets

Morphological structure

Platelet Description: Cell fragments that are very small, irregular in shape, and often distributed in groups between red blood cells.

Platelets in normal state in circulating blood are slightly concave on both sides, oval or disc-shaped, and are called circulating platelets. The average diameter of human platelets is about 2 to 4 microns, 0.5 to 1.5 microns thick, and the average volume is 7 cubic microns. Although platelets do not have a nucleus[2], they do have organelles and scattered granular components inside. Once platelets come into contact with non-vascular endothelial surfaces such as wound surfaces or glass, they expand rapidly, the particles concentrate in the center, and extend multiple pseudopodia to become dendritic platelets. Most of the particles are then released, and the platelets fuse to become sticky deformed platelets. Dendritic platelets can be transformed into circulating platelets if the stimulating factors are eliminated in time, while sticky and deformed platelets are irreversible changes.