Commonly used drugs for the treatment of gout

Gout troubles many people, but when the weather is cold, gout will relapse in many people, causing swollen and painful joints and inability to walk. At this time, we should go to the hospital in time to recuperate our body, and in daily life we ​​should also pay attention to changes in our living habits, pay attention to keeping the joints warm, eat a light diet, avoid spicy and greasy foods, and avoid smoking and limiting alcohol. So, what are the commonly used drugs for treating gout?

1) Diuretics: Diuretics such as furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide, as well as antihypertensive drugs containing diuretics (such as Ambonol, etc.). These drugs will reduce the kidney's ability to excrete uric acid, causing an increase in uric acid, thereby causing or inducing gout attacks.

2) Some vasodilators: β-blockers such as metoprolol and calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine and amlodipine can reduce renal blood flow and reduce the excretion of uric acid.

3) Low-dose aspirin: Aspirin has a dual effect on uric acid metabolism. High-dose aspirin (>3 g/day) can significantly inhibit the reabsorption of uric acid by the renal tubules, thereby increasing uric acid excretion; medium-dose aspirin (1-2 g/day) mainly inhibits the excretion of uric acid by the renal tubules. Although there are not many studies on the effect of low-dose aspirin (<0.5 g) on ​​uric acid, it has been clinically found that aspirin at a dose of 75-325 mg/day can damage the renal function and uric acid clearance ability of the elderly. Low-dose aspirin has been widely used by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients, especially the elderly. Therefore, one should be wary of the potential harm caused by dosage changes in the elderly. Aspirin should be avoided during acute gout attacks.

4) Anti-tuberculosis drugs: When tuberculosis patients take pyrazinamide and ethambutol without rifampicin, most patients will have elevated blood uric acid levels, which often induces gout. Both pyrazinamide and ethambutol inhibit the excretion of uric acid and increase blood uric acid, but rifampicin has a better effect on joint pain caused by pyrazinamide, which may be related to rifampicin inhibiting the absorption of uric acid and accelerating the excretion of uric acid. Therefore, gout patients should consider comprehensively when choosing anti-tuberculosis drugs.

5) Immunosuppressants: The typical drug is cyclosporine. Patients taking cyclosporine are also at high risk of gout, especially those who have undergone heart or kidney transplantation and have renal insufficiency, who find it more difficult to control uric acid. This is because cyclosporine reduces the excretion of uric acid.

6) Some antibiotics: Antibiotics such as quinolones (such as ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, etc.) and penicillin are mostly excreted by the kidneys, but excessive excretion of quinolones, penicillin and other antibiotics will affect the excretion of uric acid and increase the uric acid level in the body.

7) Lipid-lowering drugs: Niacin is a commonly used lipid-lowering drug. Although it has a good lipid-lowering effect, it also has a significant side effect of increasing blood uric acid.