Which diseases require colonoscopy?

Nowadays, there are various kinds of examinations, but this is not uncommon. The main purpose is to check the condition of our body and what kind of examination results the body needs. For example, many people have gastrointestinal discomfort, and they have diarrhea, bloating, and constipation from time to time. At this time, they need to go to the hospital for examination. What is usually done is a colonoscopy. Although there will not be too much pain during the operation, patients also need to be mentally prepared.

Who needs a colonoscopy?

Operation Tips

Single-person operation has better coordination and is more convenient for the use of some special techniques, which makes the inspection more effective. There are several techniques for different intestinal segment endoscope insertion methods:

1. Transition between the rectum and sigmoid colon and descending sigmoid colon: by continuously rotating the scope and straightening the scope body, the intestinal tract below the descending sigmoid colon is basically covered on the 30 cm scope body. The purpose of rotating the endoscope is to rotate the direction of the intestinal cavity to the top or bottom of the field of view according to the changes in the intestinal cavity, and then adjust the up and down buttons (sometimes the left and right buttons need to be adjusted) to expose the intestinal cavity and insert the endoscope. Repeated pulling back combined with shaking and trembling the scope can straighten the scope body, and invaginate the overlong, free sigmoid colon on the scope body, laying the foundation for smooth advancement of the scope in the next step.

2. Rotational endoscope advancement: When the intestinal cavity is within the field of view and there is no obvious turn, do not move the endoscope directly forward, but use a rotational endoscope advancement. The rotational lens advancement mentioned here is different from the rotating lens mentioned earlier. The method is to hold the lens body with the right hand, and continuously rotate the lens body left and right along the longitudinal axis in small amplitude while advancing the lens. The author summarizes this lens advancement method as rotational lens advancement. Its advantage is that it can accurately transmit the hand strength to the front end of the endoscope, preventing the endoscope body from bending into a bow shape in the body, thereby avoiding stretching the free intestinal tube to cause abnormal pain and preventing the formation of loops; it can also reduce the force of the right hand entering the endoscope, making the operation easier to complete. The principle is like holding an acupuncture needle to puncture the skin: inserting the needle directly requires force and it is easy to bend the needle, while gently rotating it will easily keep it in a straight line. This method is simple and practical, and is particularly suitable for use when passing through the descending and sigmoid colon.

3. Splenic flexure of the colon: If the splenic flexure is excessively twisted and becomes an acute angle, only the flexed folds can be seen covering the entire intestinal cavity. At this time, blindly sliding the endoscope may cause pain to the patient, damage the intestinal wall, and even cause perforation. The patient can change to the right side lying position and advance the endoscope along the cavity, or the fold can be moved to the bottom of the field of view by rotating the endoscope, and the front end of the endoscope can be brought to the fold. With the left hand, turn the large knob downward and press the end of the endoscope against the fold. At the same time, hook and pull and slightly withdraw the endoscope to blunt-angle the splenic flexure, expose the intestinal cavity and advance the endoscope along the cavity. At the same time, return the angle button with the left hand. This method can also be used when it is difficult to pass the hepatic flexure through colonoscopy.

4. Ascending colon: When the front end of the endoscope has just passed the hepatic flexure, the ascending colon cavity is often fully exposed, but the endoscope is difficult to advance or even moves backward. This is mostly because the hand strength cannot be transmitted to the front end of the endoscope, causing the colonoscope to droop in a bow shape in the transverse colon. At this time, you should first withdraw the endoscope and straighten the endoscope body. Ask the assistant to press the patient's navel and push hard toward the xiphoid process and costal arch to resist the sagging of the colon. Then you can successfully advance the endoscope.

Inspection Notes

1. No smoking the day before the examination.

2. The patient must be accompanied by an adult relative or friend, and dentures must be removed before the operation. Ladies must remove their makeup. (gastroscopy)

3. Eat easily digestible semi-liquid food such as porridge two days before the examination, and avoid eating foods containing crude fiber.

4. Eat liquid food such as rice soup, milk, soy milk, etc. the day before the examination, and fast on the day of the examination.

5. Do not eat spicy food within 24 hours and do not drink alcohol within 12 hours after the examination.

6. You are not allowed to drive a motor vehicle, operate machinery or perform high-altitude operations within 24 hours after the inspection.