Lymphoma Staging

Lymphoma is a malignant tumor that mainly occurs in lymph nodes or lymphatic tissue. It is mainly painless and the lymph nodes are swollen. The important symptom is lymph nodes, which are mainly accompanied by general weakness, weight loss and loss of appetite. The cause of the disease in daily life is still due to infection or damage from some other diseases, or caused by other diseases of the self. Therefore, we should pay attention to climate changes in daily life and actively prevent viral infections.

There are many stages of lymphoma. Lymphoma is present in every organ of the body in the peripheral blood circulation, so it is very important for the body to master the staging of lymphoma so that we can better treat and cure lymphoma. Below we will introduce the staging types of lymphoma.

Lymphocytes circulate in the peripheral blood and are present in small numbers in almost every organ of the body. Lymphoma can develop anywhere lymphocytes normally migrate to. Unlike epithelial cells, lymphocytes are often migratory, so it is often impossible to determine the primary site of lymphoma, and the TNM staging system for epithelial tumors should not be used to stage lymphoma. The earliest staging system for malignant lymphoma was developed at the Rye Conference in 1965, which was revised at the Ann Arbor Conference in 1971. It was divided into four stages, and each stage was divided into two groups, A and B, based on the presence or absence of systemic symptoms. The Ann Arbor periodization was further revised in the UK Cotswords in 1989. The AJCC staging system further improved the lymphoma staging standards based on the Ann Arbor staging system.

Ann Arbor-Cotswald Phase (1989)

Stage I: invasion of a single lymph node area or a lymphatic tissue (such as spleen, thymus, Waldeyer's ring).

Stage II: Invasion of two or more lymph node areas, all located on one side of the diaphragm (e.g., the mediastinum is one site and the hilar lymph nodes on one side are one site). The number of anatomical sites should be indicated in detail, such as II2.

Stage III: Invasion of lymph nodes or lymphatic tissue involves both sides of the diaphragm

Ⅲ1: with or without invasion of splenic hilum, abdominal cavity or portal lymph nodes;

Ⅲ2: Para-aortic, iliac, and mesenteric lymph nodes are invaded;

Stage IV: Areas other than lymph nodes are invaded, which is called E.

A: No systemic symptoms.

B: Unexplained fever > 38°C for more than three consecutive days, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss of 10% within six months.

X: Large tumor mass, larger than about 1/3 of the width of the mediastinum, and the maximum diameter of the lymph node fusion mass is >10cm.

E: When a single extranodal site is invaded and the lesion invades organs/tissues directly connected to the lymph nodes/lymphatic tissue, it is not recorded as stage IV. The letter "E" should be added after each stage (for example, if the lesion infiltrates the skin connected to the left cervical lymph nodes, it should be recorded as "IE")

The above are the staging types of lymphoma. It is very important for the body to master the staging of lymphoma so that we can better proceed. For a better cure of lymphoma, we must strengthen physical exercise in daily life to improve the body's immunity and disease resistance, continue treatment, and avoid other chronic diseases that may occur with this disease.