What are the causes of heart failure? What factors may induce heart failure?

Heart failure is a group of syndromes characterized by various cardiac structural or functional diseases that lead to impaired ventricular filling and/or ejection function, inability of cardiac output to meet the metabolic needs of the body's tissues, and clinical manifestations of congestion in the pulmonary and/or systemic circulation, and insufficient blood perfusion to organs and tissues. So what are the causes of heart failure?

1. Causes of Heart Failure

1. Primary myocardial damage:

1) Ischemic myocardial damage: Myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction caused by coronary heart disease are one of the most common causes of heart failure.

2) Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy: Various types of myocarditis and cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure, with viral myocarditis and primary dilated cardiomyopathy being the most common.

3) Myocardial metabolic disorders: diabetic cardiomyopathy is the most common.

2. Myocardial overload:

1) Excessive pressure load: seen in diseases such as hypertension, aortic valve stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary valve stenosis, etc. that increase the left and right ventricular systolic ejection resistance.

2) Excessive volume load: seen in heart valve insufficiency, blood reflux and congenital cardiovascular diseases such as left or right heart or arteriovenous shunt.

2. Causes of heart failure

1. Infection Respiratory tract infection is the most common and important cause.

2. Arrhythmia Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias in organic heart disease and one of the most important factors causing heart failure. Various rapid and slow arrhythmias can induce or aggravate heart failure.

3. Increased blood volume due to excessive sodium salt intake, excessive and rapid intravenous fluid infusion, etc.

4. Excessive physical exertion or emotional excitement, such as in late pregnancy and during childbirth, rage, etc.

5. Improper treatment and inappropriate discontinuation of diuretics or antihypertensive drugs

6. Exacerbation of existing heart disease or combination with other diseases, such as myocardial infarction due to coronary heart disease, rheumatic activity due to rheumatic heart disease, combined with hyperthyroidism, anemia, etc.