What are the diagnostic criteria for hemorrhoids and what examinations should be done for hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are one or more soft venous masses formed by varicose venous plexus at the bottom of the anorectum and anal mucosa. The incidence of hemorrhoids is very high now, almost everyone has it, so what tests should be done if you have hemorrhoids?

1. Visual examination

External hemorrhoids can be seen as hemorrhoidal bulges or skin tags at the anal verge.

2. Digital diagnosis

Simple internal hemorrhoids are difficult to feel, but larger internal hemorrhoids can be felt as longitudinal wrinkles and raised hemorrhoidal nodules above the tooth line. In the center of thrombosed internal hemorrhoids, an oval thrombus can be felt; it is hard, movable, and tender.

3. Auxiliary examination

1. Anoscopy

It is the main method for diagnosing hemorrhoids. The location, size and shape of internal hemorrhoids can be clearly seen. Primary internal hemorrhoids are generally located in the right front, right back and left middle, while the location of secondary internal hemorrhoids often varies. It was previously believed that internal hemorrhoids are more likely to occur in the right anterior, right posterior, and left middle parts of the rectum because the superior rectal artery mainly branches out in the right anterior, right posterior, and left middle parts of the rectum. Modern research believes that the main reason is that the anal lining is in a "Y" shape and the fissure is divided into three parts, located at the right front, right back and left outside.

2. Suction device inspection

For patients with mid- to late-stage hemorrhoidal prolapse, an aspirator can be used to draw the hemorrhoids outside the anus for observation. The patient can also be advised not to reposition the arm after defecation and to observe the condition.

4. Diagnosis

1. Diagnosis of internal hemorrhoids

Stage 1: No symptoms, only blood in the stool. Anoscopy examination shows nodular protrusions of the mucosa above the dentate line.

Stage 2: Intermittent bleeding, dripping or spurting of blood during defecation; internal hemorrhoids prolapse during defecation and return on their own after defecation.

Stage 2: Internal hemorrhoids prolapse during defecation and cannot be retracted.