What are the factors that cause mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in children?

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in babies is a neonatal brain damage caused by hypoxia and reduced cerebral blood flow due to various reasons. The brain tissue suffers from edema, softening, necrosis and hemorrhage, which can induce asphyxiation and produce sequelae. So what are the causative factors?

What are the factors that cause hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in children?

1. Hypoxia

1. Perinatal asphyxia: including antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum asphyxia, intrauterine hypoxia, placental dysfunction, umbilical cord prolapse, compression and neck wrapping.

2. Abnormal delivery: premature delivery, delayed delivery, abnormal fetal position.

3. Abnormal fetal development: premature birth, post-term birth and intrauterine growth retardation.

4. Apnea: Repeated apnea can lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

5. Severe lung infection: Newborns have severe respiratory diseases.

2. Ischemia

1. Severe circulatory system diseases: cardiac arrest and bradycardia, severe congenital heart disease, severe heart failure, etc.

2. Massive blood loss: massive blood loss or shock.

3. Severe intracranial diseases: such as intracranial hemorrhage or cerebral edema.

What are the symptoms of ischemia and hypoxia?

1. Mild: Children often show excitement, irritability, restlessness or spitting up milk, screaming, and twitching, but their muscle tone is normal, their hugging reflex is active, their sucking reflex is normal, their breathing is steady, and there are no convulsions. In severe cases, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, epilepsy, deafness, visual impairment, etc. may occur.

2. Moderate: Children often show drowsiness or inhibition, decreased muscle tone, weakened sucking reflex and hugging reflex, and about half of the cases have convulsions.

3. Severe: In severe cases, the child may fall into a coma, with extremely low muscle tone and looseness, disappearance of hug reflex and tendon reflex, unequal pupils, poor reaction to light, bulging anterior fontanelle, frequent convulsions and irregular breathing.

How to treat hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy!

The key to treating children's encephalopathy is to control convulsions and reduce intracranial pressure to control cerebral edema, mainly symptomatic and supportive treatment, give the child appropriate oxygen, improve ventilation, correct the child's acidosis and hypoglycemia, keep the child's blood pressure stable, ensure adequate cerebral blood perfusion, and use dopamine drip when necessary.

Moms need to pay attention to their diet!

1. Pay attention to your child’s diet to avoid overeating at one time and prevent overeating to protect the brain.

2. Pay attention to the child's balanced nutrition, combine meat and vegetables, and avoid overly greasy, spicy and irritating food.