Symptoms of hemolytic disease

Hemolytic disease is also called hemolytic anemia, which mainly refers to the fact that red blood cells are destroyed at a relatively fast rate and have a relatively short lifespan. At this time, the compensatory ability of the bone marrow's hematopoiesis cannot keep up, and the patient will suffer from anemia. This is also quite harmful to the patient, often causing the patient to appear pale and have decreased liver and kidney function. More severe cases can cause respiratory failure, liver and kidney failure, leading to pale complexion, shock, etc.

Although there are many types of hemolytic anemia, they all have certain common characteristics. The clinical manifestations of hemolytic anemia are mainly related to the duration of the hemolytic process and the severity of hemolysis. Chronic hemolysis is mostly extravascular hemolysis, which develops slowly and manifests itself in three major characteristics: anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. Due to the long course of the disease, the patient's respiratory and circulatory systems often have good compensation for anemia and the symptoms are mild. Since long-term hyperbilirubinemia can affect liver function, patients may develop cholelithiasis and liver damage. During the process of chronic hemolysis, certain triggers such as viral infection may cause the patient to experience temporary erythroid hematopoietic stagnation, which lasts for about a week and is called aplastic crisis. Acute hemolysis occurs suddenly. Large amounts of hemolysis in a short period of time cause chills, fever, headache, vomiting, pain in the limbs, waist and back, and abdominal pain, followed by hemoglobinuria. In severe cases, acute renal failure, peripheral circulatory failure or shock may occur. This is followed by jaundice, pallor, and other symptoms and signs of severe anemia.

examine

1. Increased destruction of red blood cells. Check for hemoglobinemia, hyperbilirubinemia (indirect bilirubin), and decreased serum haptoglobin. Urine examination may reveal hemoglobinuria, hemosiderinuria, and increased urobilinogen excretion. Stool examination may reveal increased fecobilinogen excretion. 2. Check for compensatory erythroid hematopoietic hyperplasia to see if there is an increase in reticulocytosis, which is generally above 5% and sometimes up to 50%. Immature red blood cells appear in the peripheral blood, mainly late erythroblasts, and sometimes metamyeloblastic bone marrow erythroblast hyperplasia. The proportion of erythrocytes in the bone marrow increases significantly, mainly middle and late erythroblasts, with normal morphology.