What are bleeding disorders?

Hemorrhagic diseases are also relatively common in our daily life. They refer to abnormalities in the body's hemostasis mechanism. Hemorrhagic diseases are mainly divided into two types: acquired and hereditary. Clinically, they are mainly manifested as bleeding in different parts of the body. Its pathogenesis is diverse, and symptomatic treatment is required clinically. For example, submucosal bleeding, deep tissue bleeding, and visceral bleeding are all relatively common bleeding.

Clinical manifestations The clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic diseases are mainly bleeding in different parts of the body. When conducting an initial assessment of a bleeding disorder, detailed inquiries into the patient's bleeding history, family history, symptoms, and careful examination of the patient's bleeding signs are very important for the diagnosis of the patient. When collecting the medical history, attention should be paid to the patient's gender, age at the time of bleeding, frequency of bleeding, medications, surgery, history of trauma, and absence of family history.

What are bleeding disorders?

1. Submucosal bleeding The most common and easily discovered symptoms and signs of various bleeding diseases, especially vascular and platelet diseases, are skin and submucosal bleeding. The symptoms may vary depending on the degree, extent and location of bleeding.

2. Deep tissue bleeding Deep tissue bleeding is common in deeper areas such as subcutaneous tissue, muscles, joint cavities and serous cavities.

(1) Hematoma refers to bleeding in the deeper subcutaneous tissue, muscles and other soft tissues. When the hematoma is large, it can cause distension and pain, and compress adjacent tissues and organs, causing pain and functional disorders. Mild trauma or spontaneous hematoma is common in coagulation disorders, such as hemophilia. (2) Joint bleeding is common in weight-bearing joints such as the knees, ankles, elbows, wrists and hips. Joint swelling and pain can be seen in the early stages, and joint puncture can draw out old blood that is difficult to coagulate. Repeated joint bleeding can lead to permanent joint deformity and serious functional impairment. Joint bleeding is common in coagulation disorders, such as hemophilia.

3. Visceral bleeding Visceral bleeding can clinically manifest as hemoptysis, hematemesis, blood in the stool, hematuria, guided bleeding and central nervous system bleeding, with a large amount of bleeding. In addition to the corresponding organ and system symptoms, there may also be circulatory disorders caused by blood loss, and even symptoms such as shock. It is mainly seen in severe thrombocytopenia and coagulation factor deficiency.