Bat lyssavirus

Don't think that rabies only happens to dogs. It has been reported that bats can also get rabies. Bats get rabies after biting rabid dogs. So rabies is highly contagious. If rabies appears on the face, they will also attack humans. Bats can also spread the virus to other groups.

Pathogenic immunopathogenic rabies is a zoonotic disease that mainly spreads among wild animals and livestock. Human rabies is mainly caused by bites from sick animals or close contact with animals. It may also be transmitted through inconspicuous skin or mucous membranes, such as when a dog licks its anus, or when a dog is slaughtered or its meat is cut. There have also been reports of infection following corneal transplantation. In densely populated areas with large numbers of infected bats, their secretions form aerosols that can cause respiratory infections.

After a person is bitten, the virus enters the wound, first in the dorsal root ganglion of the peripheral nerve, ascends along the afferent sensory nerve fibers to the posterior horn of the spinal cord, and then spreads to various parts of the spinal cord and brain, causing multiplication and damage. A few days before the onset of the disease, the virus enters the salivary glands along the efferent nerves from the brain and spinal cord, multiplies, and is continuously excreted with the saliva. The incubation period is 1 to 2 months, sometimes as short as 5 to 10 days, and sometimes as long as 1 year to several years. The length of the incubation period depends on the distance between the bite site and the head, the size and depth of the wound, whether there is clothing blocking it, and the amount of invading virus. Some people believe that the virus becomes more virulent after being spread multiple times in a dog population, which can shorten the incubation period.

When a person becomes ill, he or she first feels uneasy, has a headache, a fever, and has tingling or abnormal crawling infections at the site of infection. This is followed by increased nerve excitability, rapid pulse, sweating, drooling, excessive tearing, dilated pupils, and spasms of the throat muscles when swallowing. The sight of water or other slight stimulation can cause an attack, so it is also called "hydrophobia." Eventually the patient develops paralysis, coma, respiratory and circulatory failure and dies. The course of the disease is approximately 5 to 7 days.

In addition to neutralization, complement-mediated lysis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, the antibodies produced by the immune body after infection with the virus can also enhance and regulate the T cell response to rabies virus antigens. This is an important basis for the simultaneous injection of specific antibodies and vaccines after exposure to the rabies virus. Cellular immunity is also one of the main immune systems against rabies virus. For example, cytotoxic T lymphocytes target target antigens G and N proteins to dissolve the virus, and monocytes produce IFN and IL2, which play an important role in inhibiting viral replication and resisting viral attacks.