Blood spots on the skin

People's skin is relatively fragile, and many external stimuli may cause skin problems. Many people are troubled by blood spots on the skin surface, and most people don’t even know what to do. The presence of blood spots on the skin surface is related to many factors, and it is also closely related to people's skin quality. In cases like this, we must also understand the cause so that targeted treatment can be provided.

1. Extravascular factors: If the tissues surrounding blood vessels become weak due to degeneration, atrophy and relaxation, bleeding is likely to occur and purpura may form. Extravascular factors are more common in senile or cachectic purpura. Capillaries and small blood vessels can be ruptured and bleed by slight external force, leading to purpura.

2. Vascular factors: refers to purpura caused by damage to the capillary walls, which causes blood to leak out of the blood vessels. Purpura caused by vascular factors accounts for the first place among all purpura. When small blood vessels in a normal person are injured, the blood vessels immediately undergo reflex contraction and local blood flow slows down to promote hemostasis. If the peripheral blood vessels are fragile, permeable and vasomotor function is abnormal, hemorrhagic purpura may easily occur due to blood infiltration into and out of the blood vessels. The characteristic of bleeding caused by vascular factors is that the capillary fragility test is positive, but the bleeding time and clotting time are normal. The most common type of purpura is allergic purpura. Secondly, bacterial or viral infection, vitamin C deficiency, chemical factors, etc. can damage the blood vessel walls and cause purpura. In addition, there is a type of increased fragility of the blood vessel walls for unknown reasons, which is common in women. Purpura may disappear on its own without any adverse consequences. This is called simple purpura.

3. Platelet factors: Platelets play an important role in the hemostasis process. Thrombocytopenia or platelet function deficiency will weaken or lose the hemostatic function, which can easily lead to purpura. Thrombocytopenia can be seen in idiopathic thrombocytopenia, secondary thrombocytopenia (also known as symptomatic purpura, which can be caused by bone marrow hematopoietic disorders leading to a decrease in platelets, seen in aplastic anemia, leukemia, and bone metastasis of cancer), radioactive substances and chemicals destroying megakaryocytes and reducing platelet production, severe infections (such as typhoid fever, meningitis, sepsis) causing excessive platelet destruction, etc. In addition, hypersplenism, lupus erythematosus, uremia, etc. can also cause thrombocytopenia. Platelet function deficiency diseases include hemorrhagic thrombocythemia, thrombasthenia, etc. Laboratory tests are of great significance for the diagnosis of purpura caused by platelet factors, which generally manifests as prolonged bleeding time, poor clot retraction and thrombocytopenia.

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