The steps of abdominal drainage

If a person suffers from ascites, the ascites needs to be drained out, because if it is not drained out, it will cause continuous pathological changes in the body and cause symptoms such as abdominal distension and high fever. If there is too much ascites, you need to go to the hospital and use medical methods to drain it. Ascites is also called peritoneal effusion. There are many cumbersome steps to drain ascites. Here I will introduce to you the steps and operations of draining ascites.

Abdominal puncture can help diagnose the cause of new ascites and spontaneous peritonitis secondary to ascites. It can also be used as a means to relieve compression symptoms in patients with ascites who are hemodynamically stable.

Tools/Raw Materials

Sterile gloves, drapes, 1% lidocaine,

Puncture needles and catheters, needle tubes, drainage tubes, sampling tubes, etc.

Methods/Steps

1. Check the patient's blood coagulation status and platelet count. Contraindications include patients with bleeding tendency.

2. Disinfect and lay towels. The epidermis and subcutaneous tissue are anesthetized in turn and suction is performed. When the peritoneal cavity is reached, ascites can be seen and the peritoneum is further anesthetized. A large needle is used to puncture the area.

3. How to extract ascites, abdominal puncture

4. During puncture, pay attention to oblique needle insertion. Stop piercing when you feel a sudden disappearance of resistance. The ascites can be drained at this time. Push the catheter into the abdominal cavity to fix it, and remove the puncture needle. Finally, ascites is sampled or drained.

Precautions

Pregnancy, hepatosplenomegaly, intestinal obstruction, etc. are relative contraindications

Causes of abdominal drainage

When cancer infiltrates the peritoneum or implants itself in the abdominal cavity, it can directly damage the peritoneal capillaries. This causes the permeability of capillaries to increase, allowing large amounts of fluid and protein to enter the abdominal cavity and form ascites. If a liver cancer nodule spontaneously ruptures and bleeds into the abdominal cavity, ascites will also occur.

Another possibility is that compression from the cancer or blockage by cancer thrombus has obstructed blood circulation in the portal vein or hepatic vein, increasing blood vessel pressure. If the pressure inside the blood vessels is too high, it will cause congestion of the venous bed, increase the hydrostatic pressure, and lead to an imbalance in the exchange of fluid inside and outside the blood vessels. The backflow of tissue fluid is blocked and leaks into the abdominal cavity, forming ascites.