The main causes of extraabdominal hernia

Extraperitoneal hernia is quite common in daily life, and it has many causes. For example, if the strength of the abdominal wall gradually weakens, it will often lead to extraperitoneal hernia. In addition, if the pressure in the abdomen increases, it is also a cause of this disease. Patients are prone to chronic cough, constipation, and even rectal prolapse and other symptoms. Let us understand the main causes of extraperitoneal hernia.

The main causes of extraabdominal hernia

1. Weakened abdominal wall strength

It is due to anatomical reasons and is the basis for the occurrence of hernia. There are two types: congenital and acquired. Congenital factors include patent processus vaginalis, high lower edge of internal oblique muscle, wide inguinal triangle, incomplete closure of umbilical ring, defect of white line of abdominal wall, etc. Some normal anatomical phenomena, such as spermatic cord passing through inguinal canal and femoral artery and vein passing through femoral canal area, can also cause weakening of abdominal wall strength in this area. The acquired causes include poor healing of surgical incisions and drainage ports, trauma, inflammation, infection, surgical severance of abdominal wall nerves, excessive fat infiltration in obese people, muscle degeneration and atrophy in the elderly, and abnormal collagen metabolism, which result in anatomical reasons that cause the solid fascia tissue to be replaced by a loose and microporous connective tissue layer or fat.

2. Increased intra-abdominal pressure

It is a predisposing factor, including chronic cough, chronic constipation, late pregnancy, ascites, difficulty urinating, frequent crying babies, heavy lifting, frequent vomiting, and intra-abdominal tumors.

Clinical manifestations

The patient has symptoms such as chronic cough, frequent vomiting, constipation, and rectal prolapse

He has a history of chronic cough, frequent vomiting, constipation, rectal prolapse, urethral stenosis, phimosis, bladder stones, dysuria, abdominal surgery, trauma, and a history of hernia incarceration. Pay attention to abnormal bulging or sunken abdomen, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, protruding lumps when standing, etc. Older people should be checked for prostate enlargement. Signs of diaphragmatic hernia include limited respiratory movement on one side of the chest, decreased breath sounds, fullness between the intercostals, and audible bowel sounds or gurgling sounds in the chest. In inguinal hernia, attention should be paid to the shape of the hernia and the size of the hernia ring. When standing or coughing, the contents drop into the scrotum.

diagnosis

1. Medical history

Ask about the onset time, whether there is a history of chronic cough, frequent vomiting, constipation, rectal prolapse, urethral stenosis, phimosis, bladder stones, dysuria, abdominal surgery, trauma, and whether there is a history of hernia incarceration.

2. Physical examination

Pay attention to whether the abdomen has abnormal bulging or depression, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, or protruding lumps when standing. Older people should be checked for prostate enlargement. Check whether there are signs of diaphragmatic hernia such as limited respiratory movement on one side of the chest, weakened breath sounds, fullness between the intercostals, and whether bowel sounds or gurgling sounds can be heard in the chest. In inguinal hernia, attention should be paid to the shape of the hernia and the size of the hernia ring, whether the contents drop into the scrotum when standing or coughing, and whether it can be repositioned. It is important to understand whether strangulation or incarceration is present and to determine the type of hernia.