Newborn baby spits while sleeping

1. Introduction to symptoms

Pediatric pneumonia is a common disease among infants and young children. It is more common in winter and spring in northern my country and is a common cause of death in infants and young children. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by infection with pathogens, inhalation of amniotic fluid and oils, and allergic reactions. The main clinical manifestations are fever, cough, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and lung rales.

2. Clinical manifestations

1. General symptoms

There are symptoms such as fever, refusal to eat, irritability, shortness of breath, etc. The early body temperature is 38-39℃, and can be as high as 40℃. In addition to respiratory symptoms, children may also have systemic symptoms such as mental depression, irritability, loss of appetite, shivering, diarrhea, etc. Common symptoms in young infants include food refusal, choking, vomiting and breathing difficulties.

2. Respiratory symptoms

(1) Coughing begins with frequent, irritating dry coughs, followed by phlegm sounds in the throat. Severe coughing may be accompanied by vomiting and choking on milk.

(2) Respiratory symptoms and signs: Shallow and rapid breathing, flaring of the nostrils, and mild cyanosis around the mouth and nails in some children. Lung signs may not be obvious in the early stages, but small and medium-sized bubbling sounds may be heard later. When combined with pleural effusion, there may be percussion sound and/or disappearance of breath sounds.

3. Symptoms and signs of other systems

(1) Circulatory system symptoms: Pneumonia in infants is often accompanied by heart failure. If the child's heart rate increases to 160-200 beats/min, the liver enlarges or significantly enlarges in a short period of time, the child has pale complexion, cyanosis around the mouth, edema of the limbs, and oliguria, congestive heart failure should be considered.

(2) Neurological symptoms: ① Irritability, drowsiness, staring, squinting, and upward eye movement. ② Drowsiness, even coma and convulsions. ③Conjunctival edema. ④Pupil changes, slow or absent reaction to light. ⑤Irregular breathing rhythm. ⑥ The anterior fontanelle is bulging and there are signs of meningeal irritation. When everything else about the cerebrospinal fluid is normal except for the increased pressure, it is called toxic encephalopathy.

(3) Digestive system symptoms: Children with pneumonia may experience decreased appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distension. In severe cases, the vomitus may be coffee-colored or bloody, and bowel sounds may disappear. They may also develop toxic intestinal paralysis and toxic hepatitis.

3. Treatment Methods

Comprehensive therapy should be adopted to improve ventilation function, effectively control inflammation and avoid the occurrence of complications.

1. General treatment

Keep the air circulating in the ward, maintain the room temperature at 20℃ and the humidity at around 60%, provide easily digestible food, and turn the patient over and pat his back frequently.

2. Give antibiotics

Antibiotics should be selected according to the following principles: ① Clinical and laboratory data should be targeted at possible pathogens. ② Select antibiotics to which the pathogen is sensitive. ③The severity of the disease.

If it is mycoplasma pneumonia, macrolide drugs can be used. Antiviral drugs such as ribavirin or acyclovir can be used for viral pneumonia.

3. Symptomatic treatment

If there are signs of hypoxia, oxygen can be given. You can take expectorants orally. If the sputum is thick and difficult to cough up, nebulization therapy can be used.