What are psychiatric drugs?

With the rapid development of society, people's lives are also changing, and their mental aspects will also change constantly. For some people, the mental stress will gradually increase as the pressure of life increases. This will make people feel very tired and even lose their sense of direction in life. In severe cases, they will have a mental breakdown. If you feel mental stress, it is best to see a psychologist in time to adjust yourself. If there are mental problems, they can be improved through psychiatric drugs. It is recommended that no matter what medicine you use, you must take it according to the doctor's orders. What are the psychiatric drugs? Let’s take a look at it next.

1. Typical antipsychotic drugs are also called traditional antipsychotic drugs.

These drugs were introduced in 1952, mainly including chlorpromazine, haloperidol, etc. It exerts an antipsychotic effect by blocking D2 receptors in the midbrain-limbic-cortical DA pathway. Due to the large number of adverse drug reactions, it is currently the second-line drug for schizophrenia.

2. Atypical antipsychotics are also called non-traditional antipsychotics.

These drugs were developed after the 1960s. They achieve the goal of treating the positive symptoms, negative symptoms, affective symptoms and cognitive impairment of schizophrenia through the synergistic effects on the NE and 5HT2 systems, while reducing adverse reactions such as extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and increased prolactin levels. They have certain clinical applications. Representative drugs include clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, etc. According to the chemical structure, they are divided into four categories: phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, butyrophenones and others.

3. Common medicines

1. Typical antipsychotic drugs

Representative drugs include chlorpromazine, haloperidol, etc. According to their clinical effects, they are divided into two categories: low-titer and high-titer. The former is represented by chlorpromazine, which has a strong sedative effect, obvious side effects, greater cardiovascular and liver toxicity, and requires a larger dosage; the latter is represented by haloperidol, which has a prominent anti-hallucination and delusion effect, a weak sedative effect, less cardiovascular and liver toxicity, and a smaller therapeutic dose.

2. Atypical antipsychotics

2.1 Clozapine: The first atypical antipsychotic drug. It has opened up a new era in the drug treatment of schizophrenia.

2.2 Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is currently widely used in the world. The drug is a combination of the chemical structures of haloperidol and ritanserin. Currently, oral tablets, oral solutions and long-acting injections are widely used in clinical practice.

2.3 Olanzapine (Zyprexa) is a multi-receptor drug that is popular because of its good efficacy and the fact that it does not cause obvious extrapyramidal symptoms. It was launched in Europe and the United States in 1996, and completed clinical research and was launched in the country in 1999. Recently, Eli Lilly developed a new dosage form of olanzapine - olanzapine soluble rice paper dosage form, which overcomes the difficulty of patients being unwilling or unable to swallow the medicine. It can dissolve after contacting saliva, making it more convenient for some patients.

2.4 Quetiapine In 2000, domestically produced quetiapine was approved for marketing after completing Phase I and II clinical trials. American scientists recently published a study pointing out that taking the antipsychotic drug Seroquel (quetiapine) produced by the British company AstraZeneca during drug rehabilitation can alleviate the discomfort symptoms caused by drug rehabilitation. In 2007, quetiapine sustained-release tablets seroquel XR was approved by the FDA and has been on the market. It is a once-daily acute treatment medication for bipolar disorder, treating both the depressive and manic phases.

2.5 Ziprasidone is the latest atypical broad-spectrum antipsychotic developed by Pfizer for the treatment of schizophrenia. This product is a 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine receptor antagonist, especially with strong affinity for 5-HTA2/DAD2 receptors. The oral and intramuscular forms of the drug were launched in Sweden in 1998 and September 2000, respectively. Compared with the widely used olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, etc., this product has better or equivalent efficacy on negative symptoms, does not cause weight gain and elevated serum prolactin levels, and has fewer adverse reactions than all existing atypical antipsychotics. This product is available in two dosage forms: injection and capsule.

2.6 Aripiprazole (Abilitat) was developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. of Japan and launched overseas in 2002 for the clinical treatment of schizophrenia. Domestic aripiprazole,

It has been approved for marketing in my country. Some scholars call aripiprazole a dopamine system stabilizer because it can maintain a balance between too much and too little dopamine.