What are the serious consequences of milk of calcium in the kidney?

The kidney is the most important organ in the human body. If there is a problem with the kidney, it will easily affect the health of the body. Renal calcium milk is not common in real life, and suffering from renal calcium milk is very harmful to health. It will cause various complications in the body and continue to affect health. It can be treated through surgery. Pay more attention to observe the condition, do more preventive work, and maintain a balanced body nutrition.

What are the serious consequences of milk of calcium in the kidney?

Calcitriol is a relatively rare disease. For asymptomatic patients, if the condition affects health, surgical treatment is required.

Causes

The etiology and pathogenesis of nephrocalcitonin are still unclear, but it is generally believed that the formation of hydronephrotic nephrocalcitonin is related to inflammation and obstruction. Cystic milk of calcium in kidney is located in the renal calyceal diverticulum or renal parenchymal cyst. Calcium milk is formed due to the long-term retention and concentration of fluid in the cyst. The formation of hydronephrosis type calcified milk of kidney has the same mechanism. Inflammation and obstruction cause the secretion and reabsorption of renal units to be impaired. The urine retained in the renal calyx for a long time gradually concentrates, making the calcium and phosphate crystal substances saturated, precipitating to form calcium milk, and gradually concentrating to form calcium milk particles.

Clinical manifestations

Patients may have a history of urinary tract infection; some patients have a history of primary hyperparathyroidism. Similar to the clinical manifestations of kidney stones, most patients do not have obvious clinical symptoms, while some patients may have symptoms such as low back pain, renal colic, and hematuria. When combined with diverticular infection, low back pain may worsen and there may be systemic symptoms such as fever.

examine

1. B-ultrasound

It shows the fluid dark area of ​​renal calyceal diverticulum or hydronephrosis, with a round echogenic mass inside.

2. KUB flat film

(1) The upright radiograph can show the calcium emulsion plane, which appears as a disc-shaped or semicircular shadow with increased density (disc sign or crescent sign). When there are large calcium emulsion particles protruding on the surface of some calcium emulsions, it is like the "fruit in a plate" sign.

(2) Supine radiographs show clustered granular or uneven high-density shadows. The edges are blurred (seed cake sign). The appearance of these signs and the dynamic changes in the position of calcium emulsion are the characteristic imaging manifestations of renal calcium emulsion and are a reliable basis for diagnosing renal calcium emulsion. Its typicality is related to the number, size, composition of calcium milk particles, the degree of hydronephrosis, and the size of renal cysts.

3. CT examination

When ultrasound and X-ray examinations cannot make a clear diagnosis, bilateral renal CT scan is of great advantage in assisting diagnosis. On the scans taken in the supine and prone positions, it can be seen that the half-moon-shaped shadow formed by the calcium milk particles changes with the change of body position.

Differential Diagnosis

1. Kidney stones

Patients may experience pain and colic in the renal area, as well as microscopic or gross hematuria. KUB plain film and IVU showed stone shadows. However, whether it is a single or multiple stone, the shape of the shadow does not change with the change of body position, and the distribution is significantly different from renal calcium milk, which is mostly distributed in a "sesame" pattern.

2. Multiple small stones in the renal calyx

Due to the narrowness of the renal calyx neck, hydronephrosis may occur, which may be accompanied by multiple microlithiasis. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those of renal milk of calcium and are difficult to distinguish. On X-ray films, the shape may change with changing body position, but the particles of the stones are larger than those of renal calcium milk.

treat

1. Symptomatic treatment

Antibiotics should be used to control infection when there is concurrent infection. For cystic type of nephrocalcemia, cyst unroofing and cystectomy can be selected. If the cyst is within the renal calyceal diverticulum or multiple cystic type of nephrocalcemia and the cyst cannot be successfully removed, partial nephrectomy can be performed. For hydronephrosis type of nephrocalcemia, the cause of the hydronephrosis must be found out first, and the obstruction should be relieved while treating nephrocalcemia to avoid recurrence after surgery.

2. Surgical treatment

For patients with asymptomatic lesions <2.5cm, or elderly patients with other organ dysfunction, follow-up observation is sufficient and surgical treatment is not necessary. For patients with symptoms or lesions >2.5cm, surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible if there are no surgical contraindications such as cardiovascular disease and bleeding tendency, because the disease may progress over time and the lesions will continue to grow and squeeze the normal renal calyces and renal parenchyma.

In principle, patients with milk of calcineurin who have obvious symptoms and frequent infections should receive surgical treatment. Open the top of the diverticulum and suck out the calcium milk in the diverticulum. Efforts are made to locate the neck of the diverticulum and to cauterize it with an electric scalpel or to suture it closed with absorbable sutures. Large diverticula can be filled with pedicled greater omentum to avoid local formation of dead space.