What are the symptoms of anal fissure

Anal fissure is a very common anorectal disease. There are many causes of anal fissure, such as hemorrhoids, constipation, etc. The most obvious symptom of anal fissure is pain, and it is easy to excrete bright red blood during defecation. If it is more serious, there may even be blood spurting, leading to heavy bleeding. Of course, patients with anal fissure often also have symptoms of constipation, which has a great impact on the patient's health.

What are the symptoms of anal fissure

1. Pain is the main symptom of anal fissure. The degree and duration of pain indicate the severity of anal fissure. A typical anal fissure pain cycle is: pain - relief - peak - relief - pain again. During bowel movements, feces stimulate the nerve endings on the ulcer surface, causing severe burning or knife-like pain after defecation, which can radiate to the buttocks, perineum, sacrum or inner thigh, which is called defecation pain. The pain will be relieved within a few minutes after defecation, and this period is called the pain interval. Afterwards, due to spasm of the internal sphincter, severe pain occurs, which lasts for several minutes or hours. At this time, the patient will be restless and find it unbearable until the sphincter fatigues, the muscles relax, and the pain gradually eases. When I had a bowel movement again, the pain occurred again.

Causes

1. Abnormal stool and anal fissure are primarily caused by impact or friction from external force. If the stool is too thick and hard, the anus will have poor adaptability and will cause anal fissures. Some studies have found that not only constipation but also diarrhea can cause anal fissures, accounting for 4% to 7% of the causes of anal fissures. 2. Spasm of the internal sphincter. Inflammatory stimulation of the intestines, anal canal or anal sinus, stimulation by acidic stool, exposed sphincter, anger, tension and other abnormal emotions can all cause high tension in the internal anal sphincter, which can cause a significant increase in the resting pressure of the anal canal. At this time, the anus is not stretchable enough, and when dry and hard stools pass through, cracks will occur. 3. Anatomical defects: The external anal sphincter forms two triangular fissures in front and behind the anal canal, which lacks sufficient support for the anal canal, but fissures may occur when feces hits the anal canal. At the same time, the anal arteries distribute from both sides to the middle, crossing in front and behind the anus, resulting in two weak distribution areas in front and behind the anus, causing poor blood supply to this area. The anal canal is connected to the rectum at a 90-degree angle. The posterior wall of the anal canal is under the greatest pressure during defecation, so anal fissures are most likely to occur at the posterior midline.