What are the common diseases in neurosurgery?

Neurosurgery is a discipline based on surgery. It mainly studies the human nervous system, which includes the spinal cord, brain, nerves and peripheral nerves, as well as some accessory nerve tissues. If these nerve tissues are damaged, inflamed, infected by viruses, etc., they can cause great harm to the body and have a relatively high disability rate. Some of them can cause great harm to the patient's life safety.

What are the common diseases in neurosurgery?

1. Traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury

This may be the disease with the longest history in neurosurgery and is the eternal treatment target of neurosurgery.

Primary craniocerebral injury: scalp injury, skull fracture, concussion, cerebral contusion, brain stem injury, diffuse axonal injury, non-firearm open craniocerebral injury, firearm open craniocerebral injury

Secondary craniocerebral injury: traumatic intracranial hematoma

Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors

The brain and spinal cord, like other organs in the body, can develop benign or malignant tumors, but malignant tumors of the nervous system are not called "cancer" like other common malignant tumors. The most common intracranial tumor is glioma. This is a malignant tumor with varying degrees of malignancy. Some patients may have no symptoms for several years, while others may only survive for a few months after being diagnosed. Other common intracranial tumors include pituitary tumors, meningiomas, and schwannomas. The clinical manifestations of intracranial tumors are diverse and are largely related to the location of the tumor.

3. Cerebrovascular disease

It mainly refers to cerebral vascular diseases caused by non-traumatic reasons. As people's living standards improve, the incidence of diabetes, hypertension and abnormal lipid metabolism has increased sharply. As a result, the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases has also shown an upward trend. Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is the most serious complication of hypertension, with high mortality and disability rates. Surgical treatment may save lives under appropriate circumstances. In addition, intracranial aneurysms, cerebral vascular malformations, etc. are also common, which are the most common diseases in cerebrovascular surgery. This type of disease often requires cerebral angiography (CTA, MRI, DSA, etc.) to confirm the diagnosis.

4. Congenital diseases

Including atlanto-occipital malformation, congenital intracranial arachnoid cyst, tethered cord syndrome, spina bifida, meningocele, meningocele, cerebellar tonsillar herniation malformation (Amold-Chiari malformation), corpus callosum malformation, Dandy-Walker malformation, etc.

5. Degenerative diseases of the cervical and lumbar spine

◆ Spinal fractures and spinal cord injuries: closed spinal cord injury, spinal cord firearm injury, spinal cord blade injury

◆ Intraspinal tumors: spinal schwannoma, intramedullary tumor, intraspinal metastatic tumor, congenital intraspinal tumor, spinal tumor

◆ Congenital diseases of the spine and spinal cord: Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, diastematomyelia, meningomyelocele, tethered cord syndrome, sacral canal cyst

◆ Spinal tuberculosis and inflammation

◆ Spinal degeneration: cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation/bulging, ossification of the yellow ligament, thoracolumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis, instability, scoliosis

6. Functional Neurosurgery

◆ Pain and microvascular decompression surgery: trigeminal neuralgia, cancer pain, hemifacial spasm

◆ Surgical treatment of epilepsy: temporal lobe epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy, post-traumatic epilepsy, post-brain surgery epilepsy

◆ Treatment of extrapyramidal diseases: Parkinson's disease, torsion spasm, spasmodic torticollis

◆ Cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorders: hydrocephalus in adults, hydrocephalus in children, intracranial hypertension caused by intracranial venous sinus occlusion

7. Intracranial parasitic diseases

It mainly includes cerebral cysticercosis, cerebral echinococcosis, etc.