X-ray manifestations of bone hyperplasia

In fact, bone hyperplasia is an arthritis disease that affects a person's normal use of bones. The chance of bone hyperplasia occurring in some joints is very high. The joints of the elderly gradually degenerate, and bone hyperplasia often occurs in their bodies. After bone hyperplasia occurs, they should go to the hospital for an X-ray examination in time to see how serious their bone hyperplasia disease is. But what are the x-ray manifestations of bone hyperplasia?

Hyperostosis

Osteosclerosis is the increase in bone mass per unit volume. Histologically, the bone cortex is thickened and the trabeculae are thickened and increased, which is caused by increased osteogenesis or decreased osteogenesis or both. Most of them are caused by the lesions affecting the activity of osteoblasts, which is a compensatory response of the body. A few are caused by osteogenesis of the lesions themselves, such as tumor cell osteogenesis.

The X-ray manifestation of bone hyperplasia and sclerosis is an increase in bone density with or without bone enlargement. The trabeculae become thicker, more numerous, and denser, and the cortical bone becomes thicker and denser. In obvious cases, it is difficult to distinguish between the cortical bone and the cancellous bone. When it occurs in long bones, the bone shaft may be enlarged and the medullary cavity may become narrowed or disappear.

Bone hyperplasia and sclerosis are seen in many diseases. Most of them are localized bone hyperplasia, which is seen in chronic inflammation, trauma and certain primary benign bone tumors, osteosarcoma or osteoblastic metastases. A few cases are generalized bone hyperplasia, in which both cortical and cancellous bone are affected at the same time, which is seen in certain metabolic or endocrine disorders such as hypoparathyroidism or toxic diseases such as fluoride poisoning.

Bone hyperplasia and sclerosis - osteosarcoma of the upper end of the humerus (osteoblastic type).

The bone density at the upper end of the humerus increases, and tumor bone is formed outside the bone cortex, arranged in a needle-like shape, with no trabeculae.

The X-ray manifestation of periosteal hyperplasia in the early stage is a thin linear dense shadow of uncertain length parallel to the bone cortex, with a 1 to 2 mm wide translucent gap visible between the bone cortex. Then the new bone of the periostea thickens. The performance varies due to the different arrangements of the new bone trabeculae. Common periosteal reactions include linear, lamellar or lace-like periosteal reactions that are arranged parallel to the bone cortical surface (Figure 2-1-12). The thickness and extent of periosteal hyperplasia are related to the site of occurrence, the nature of the lesion and the stage of development. Generally, the shafts of long bones are distinct. Inflammation is more extensive, while tumors are more localized. As the lesion improves and heals, the periosteal hyperplasia may become dense and gradually fuse with the bone cortex, manifesting as cortical thickening. After healing, the new bone formed by the periosteal bone can be gradually absorbed. In malignant bone tumors, periosteal proliferation may be destroyed by tumor erosion.

Periosteal hyperplasia is often seen in inflammation, tumors, trauma, subperiosteal hemorrhage, etc. The nature of the lesion cannot be determined based solely on the morphology of periosteal hyperplasia, and a judgment can only be made in combination with other manifestations.