Complications of port wine stains

Port-wine stain is a common type of stain in daily life. Because of its bright red appearance, it is vividly called port-wine stain. Port-wine stain generally causes some associated complications. Complications caused by port-wine stain may be serious or mild. The editor has collected some common complications for you through various channels. Let’s first learn about port-stained redness and its complications.

Port wine stain, also known as port-wine stain or telangiectatic nevus, often occurs at birth or shortly after birth. It often occurs on the face, neck and scalp. It is mostly unilateral, occasionally bilateral, and sometimes involves the mucosa. The injury initially appears as several light red, dark red or purple-red patches of varying sizes, irregular in shape, with clear boundaries and not protruding above the skin surface. Capillary dilation can be seen, which partially or completely fade when pressed and have a smooth surface. As people age, the color deepens to red and then purple. In 65% of patients, the lesions will gradually expand, thicken and form nodules before the age of 40, and are prone to bleeding after trauma. Port wine stain is a relatively flat plaque with few protrusions composed of countless dilated capillaries. It is a congenital capillary malformation. The area of ​​the lesion increases accordingly as the body grows and does not disappear throughout life.

"Some patients with port wine stains may have syndromes: red spots on the face along the trigeminal nerve may be accompanied by SW syndrome (Sturge-Weber syndrome). Because the lesions invade the pia mater, 8% of children with this syndrome may have convulsions in infancy, which may also lead to intellectual disability and neurological damage. 70% of children with the syndrome may have eye involvement, of which 30% develop glaucoma, which may lead to blindness. A small number of patients with large areas of port wine stains on the limbs may show limb lengthening or thickening, accompanied by KT syndrome (Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome). "

Complications may cause vascular and neurological damage. If a port-wine stain grows into nodules on the face, it can cause abnormalities in the eye and facial nerves; if it grows on the limbs, it can cause limb hypertrophy; if it grows on the back, it can cause abnormalities in the blood vessels in the spinal cord.