Where are hemorrhoids located/what causes hemorrhoids and how to treat them?

Every autumn is the peak season for hemorrhoids. In order to protect our health, how can we prevent hemorrhoids? So what are the causes of hemorrhoids?

Causes of hemorrhoids 1. Angiogenesis theory

It is believed that there is a proliferation of tissue similar to erectile tissue (erectile tissue network) in the submucosal layer of the anal canal. It is composed of abundant arterial and venous communicating branches (sinusoidal veins) in the submucosal layer of the lower end of the anal canal and rectum, and has the characteristics of erection. Some people believe that the walls of sinusoidal veins contain many colloid fibers, the muscular layer is poorly developed, and blood congestion is easy to occur. Hemorrhoids are formed by the congestion and proliferation of this tissue (spongy tissue, or rectal spongy body).

Causes of hemorrhoids 2. Varicose vein theory

It is believed that the basic pathological changes of hemorrhoids are due to discontinuous venous dilation causing increased venous pulse pressure, coupled with excessive increase in intra-abdominal pressure and gravity, which affects the anorectal venous return; or due to repeated damage to the venous wall during defecation, thus forming hemorrhoids. Some of the above theories about hemorrhoids are hypotheses, and although some have been based on anatomical and histological observations, they have not yet been generally confirmed and require further research.

Causes of hemorrhoids 3. Theory of downward migration of the vascular lining in the lower part of the anorectum

It is believed that there are three pieces of thickened tissue in the right front, right back and left middle of the lower end of the rectum. Anatomy has confirmed that the lining is composed of the rectal venous plexus (sinusoidal veins), smooth muscle, collagen and elastic connective tissue fibers, and is an uneven network structure. From a gross anatomical point of view, it is a thick layer of submucosal tissue. This lobed anal lining is the most ideal device for the anal canal mucosa to adapt to changes in the size of the intestinal cavity. It plays an important role in assisting in closing the anus and maintaining anal continence.