What are the symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage? Five characteristics of cerebral hemorrhage

Cerebral hemorrhage is a serious condition for people, and this symptom is also called cerebral hemorrhage. It is mainly caused by rupture of blood vessels due to hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Cerebral hemorrhage is more common among the elderly and has a sudden onset. The symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage are mainly manifested in impaired consciousness.

1. Impairment of consciousness

Consciousness changes: Half of the patients have varying degrees of consciousness disorders, manifested as drowsiness, lethargy and coma. Severe cases may become confused or comatose within minutes after the onset of the disease: Consciousness disorders are the most prominent symptom of intracranial hemorrhage and the main indicator for judging prognosis. Small amounts of hemorrhage located on the outside of the cortex and basal ganglia are less likely to cause impaired consciousness, while larger amounts of hemorrhage located on the inside of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem are more likely to cause impaired consciousness due to cerebral edema and impact on the reticular system. When patients have impaired consciousness, they often suffer from urinary incontinence or urinary retention.

2. Headache, nausea, and vomiting

40% to 50% of patients experience headache, nausea and vomiting, which are often the first symptoms. It initially manifests as severe headache on the same side of the lesion, which becomes a full headache when intracranial pressure increases, accompanied by projectile vomiting, which is more likely to occur when turning the head or turning over. There is papilledema. In the later stages of the disease, there is a disorder of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, vomiting becomes more frequent, and in severe cases, the hypothalamus is damaged and the vomitus is brown.

3. Changes in respiratory function

Due to damage to the respiratory center, cerebral edema and other reasons, changes in respiratory function may occur in respiration, blood pressure and heart rate, manifested as hyperventilation, cheo-Stokes respiration and irregular breathing. Most patients have elevated blood pressure and increased heart rate. When bradycardia occurs, one should be alert to severe increase in intracranial pressure. 90% of patients have elevated blood pressure, and the degree of increase is considerable.

4. Epileptic seizures

6% to 7% of patients have epileptic seizures, most of which occur within a few hours after bleeding. A small number of patients have epileptic seizures as the first symptom, which may manifest as a major seizure or focal seizure. Lobar hemorrhage is more common than deep hemorrhage. Severe cases may develop status epilepticus, which is further exacerbated by epileptic seizures.

5. Meningeal irritation

Meningeal irritation signs When intracranial hematoma breaks into the subarachnoid space or breaks into the ventricle and flows into the subarachnoid space, in addition to headache and vomiting, meningeal irritation signs such as neck stiffness and Kernig's sign may appear.