Renal insufficiency diet, these five aspects must be paid attention to!

In addition to normal treatment, diet is the most critical part for patients with renal insufficiency. Among them, 0.6 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day is appropriate, the calorie intake should be at least 35 calories per kilogram of body weight per day, and the amount of salt should be determined according to the condition of the disease.

1. Protein: The metabolic products in the human body mainly come from the protein components in the diet, especially animal and plant proteins, such as meat, rice, noodles, soy products, etc. Therefore, in order to reduce the workload of the remaining healthy nephrons, the patient's protein intake must be adapted to the excretion capacity of the kidneys. In other words, the protein intake of patients with renal failure should be reduced accordingly according to the degree of renal function impairment. For example: when the blood creatinine is 170-440umol/L, the appropriate amount of protein intake is 0.6 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. For those with large amounts of proteinuria, an additional 1.5 grams of protein can be supplemented for every gram of urine protein lost. When blood creatinine exceeds 440umol/L, protein intake should be further reduced to no more than 30 grams (0.4 grams/kg). However, it must be emphasized that if one blindly pursues restricting protein intake, it will lead to malnutrition and physical deterioration in patients, and the effect will not be good. Therefore, on the premise of reducing the total amount of protein intake, it is necessary to selectively supplement proteins with high nutritional value to meet the body's necessary nutritional needs, that is, increase the intake of certain animal proteins (such as milk, eggs, fish, lean meat, etc.) and reduce the amount of plant protein. The former contains higher varieties and quantities of essential amino acids than the latter. Since grains contain a lot of plant protein, it is recommended to eat starchy foods such as wheat starch, corn starch, lotus root powder, potatoes, sweet potatoes, etc. (the protein content is only 0.4%) instead of ordinary rice, noodles and other staple foods (the protein content is 7-10%).

2. Calories : To maximize the utilization of protein intake and prevent it from being converted into energy, you must supplement energy while taking a low-protein diet. At least 35 calories per kilogram of body weight per day. [I don’t understand something and would like to ask an expert]?

It is mainly supplied by sugar, and you can eat fruits, sucrose products, chocolate, jam, honey, etc. Fat can also provide some calories, and there is no restriction on vegetable oil.

3. Phosphorus : When supplementing protein, it should be noted that although some foods meet the above conditions, such as egg yolks, meat floss, animal offal, dairy products, bone marrow, etc., they are still not suitable for consumption due to their high phosphorus content.

Because phosphorus retention can further deteriorate kidney function. To reduce the phosphorus content in food, fish, meat, potatoes, etc. should be boiled in water and the soup discarded before further cooking.

4. Salt : The amount of salt should be determined according to the condition. If you have high blood pressure or edema, you should eat a low-salt diet, 2 grams of salt per day. If polyuria occurs, the amount of sodium lost in the urine should be calculated and quantified as appropriate.

5. Water: When renal function is impaired, the metabolic waste contained in the urine is significantly reduced. Only by increasing the urine volume (at least 2000ml/day or more) can the metabolic products of the day be excreted. If there is no obvious edema, you should drink more water.