What are the indicators of leukemia blood routine? It turns out to be like this

Leukemia is a common disease these days, and it is particularly harmful to human health. Therefore, for leukemia, early detection and early treatment are necessary. So in daily life, which blood routine indicators indicate that you have leukemia? Let's take a closer look!

Most patients with leukemia present with fever as an early symptom. The fever may be low or as high as 39-40°C, accompanied by chills, sweating, etc. It may also be accompanied by headache, nausea, and vomiting, which are manifestations of central nervous system leukemia. Leukemic infiltration of the bones and periosteum causes bone pain, which may be diffuse pain in the limbs or back or limited to joint pain, often leading to difficulty in movement.

When examining patients, the condition is often judged based on their routine blood indicators. The diagnosis is confirmed by bone marrow morphology, cell chemical staining, and flow cytometry, and then tested on a blood analyzer to obtain blood cell values, warning abnormal cell information, white blood cell histogram, and white blood cell scatter plot. Generally, patients have an increase in white blood cell count, partly due to an increase in hemoglobin. Platelet count increased.

What are the blood routine indicators for leukemia?

Routine blood test is commonly known as blood picture, and the three most important indicators are hemoglobin (HB), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets (PLT or BPC).

1. Whether there is anemia or not, look at hemoglobin

Normal values ​​of hemoglobin (Hb) are: 120-160 g/L for males, 110-150 g/L for females, and 170-200 g/L for newborns. Values ​​below the normal value are anemia.

Let’s look at the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), normal value: 82-92 fl by manual method; 80-100 fl by blood cell analyzer method. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (mch): manual method 27-31pg; blood cell analyzer method 27-34pg. If both are lower than normal, consider whether you have iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia. The latter is a hereditary disease with a low incidence rate and is more common in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and other regions. If the mean corpuscular volume is higher than normal, consider whether the patient has nutritional megaloblastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or multiple myeloma (the mean corpuscular volume is also increased in myeloma because the red blood cells overlap in a roulette-like pattern). A bone marrow examination is needed.

If the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content are normal. A reticulocyte test should be done. Normal reticulocyte count: 0.5%-1.5%. If it is lower than normal, consider whether there is a bone marrow hematopoietic disorder. If it is significantly higher than normal, it may indicate hemolysis and further examination is needed.

Hemorrhagic anemia is extremely common and is caused by chronic or acute bleeding.

2. Excessive or decreased white blood cells

Normal value of white blood cell (WBC): adults (4.0～10.0)×10*9/l; newborns (15.0～20.0)×10*9/l; 6 months to 2 years old (11.0～12.0)×10*9/l.

A value lower than the normal value is leukopenia, which may be caused by infection, especially viral infection, drugs, exposure to chemical toxins, radiation, or pseudoleukopenia. Leukocytosis is common in infections, and is often manifested as an increase in neutrophils or lymphocytes (normal values: 50% to 70% neutrophils; 20% to 40% lymphocytes). If it is significantly increased, a bone marrow puncture is required to rule out blood system tumors.

3. Increase or decrease of platelets

Normal platelet value: (100～300)×10*9/l.

Lower than normal values, common diseases include idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, connective tissue disease, and blood system tumors. Significantly higher than normal, seen in secondary thrombocythemia (secondary to factors such as tumors) and essential thrombocythemia (excluding secondary factors, platelet count is higher than 1000×10*9/l).