What is the treatment for myocardial infarction?

The heart is a unique organ in the human body. Its function is to transport blood to every corner of the body and allow various nutrients to circulate inside the body. Therefore, the function of the heart plays a decisive role in the fluidity of the blood. Modern people's lives are comfortable and easy, but the function of the heart has gradually declined. High-fat and high-protein foods make the heart become more and more enlarged, and various disease factors that affect heart function have emerged. For example, myocardial infarction is a common heart disease. Myocardial infarction has the characteristics of rapid onset and high mortality rate. Once the disease occurs, it needs to be treated immediately. Let's take a look at how to treat myocardial infarction?

Acute myocardial infarction is myocardial necrosis caused by acute and persistent ischemia and hypoxia of the coronary arteries. Clinically, there is often severe and persistent pain behind the sternum, which cannot be completely relieved by rest or nitrates, accompanied by increased serum myocardial enzyme activity and progressive electrocardiogram changes. It may be complicated by arrhythmia, shock or heart failure, which is often life-threatening.

1. Monitoring and general treatment

For patients without complications, they should stay in bed for 1 to 3 days during the acute phase; receive oxygen; and undergo continuous ECG monitoring to observe changes in heart rate, heart rhythm, blood pressure, and respiration. For patients with hypotension or shock, capillary wedge pressure and venous pressure should be monitored when necessary. Low salt, low fat, eat small meals frequently, and keep bowel movements regular. After 3 days, patients without complications gradually transitioned to sitting in a chair next to the bed to eat, urinate, and move around indoors. Patients can usually be discharged from the hospital within 2 weeks. For patients with heart failure, severe arrhythmias, hypotension, etc., the bed rest time and discharge time need to be extended as appropriate.

2. Sedation and pain relief

Small doses of intravenous morphine are the most effective analgesic; pethidine can also be used. Those who are irritable and nervous can be given diazepam (Valium) orally.

3. Adjust blood volume

Establish intravenous access as soon as possible after admission, and slowly replenish fluids in the first 3 days, paying attention to the balance of intake and output.

4. Reperfusion therapy to reduce infarct area

Reperfusion therapy is the main treatment measure for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Opening the blocked coronary artery and restoring blood flow within 12 hours of onset can reduce the area of ​​myocardial infarction and reduce mortality. The earlier the coronary artery is reopened, the greater the benefit to the patient. "Time is myocardium, time is life." Therefore, a diagnosis must be made as soon as possible for all patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and a reperfusion therapy strategy must be developed as soon as possible.