What is hemoptysis?

Hemoptysis refers to bleeding in the trachea or lungs below the throat. This disease will expel blood from the mouth through coughing. It is a serious respiratory disease that will affect the function of the lungs and blood circulation. The more common ones are tuberculosis and bronchitis. It is recommended that patients should be examined in time, because hemoptysis may also be accompanied by a tumor, which will seriously affect the patient's life safety.

Hemoptysis refers to the process in which bleeding occurs from the respiratory organs below the larynx (i.e., trachea, bronchi, or lung tissue) and is discharged from the mouth through coughing. Hemoptysis can be caused not only by respiratory diseases, but also by circulatory system diseases, trauma, and other systemic diseases or systemic factors. It should be differentiated from bleeding in the mouth, pharynx, nose and hematemesis.

Causes

Diseases that cause hemoptysis are not limited to respiratory diseases, although respiratory diseases are more common. The following are various disorders that can cause hemoptysis.

1. Respiratory diseases

Such as pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, bronchitis, lung abscess, lung cancer, pneumonia, paragonimiasis, pulmonary amebiasis, pulmonary echinococcosis, pulmonary fungal disease, pneumocystis carinii, bronchial stones, lung metastatic tumors, pulmonary adenoma, silicosis, etc. These inflammations lead to increased permeability of bronchial mucosa or lesion capillaries, or rupture of submucosal blood vessel walls, causing bleeding.

2. Circulatory system diseases

Common ones include rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis, hypertensive heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, aortic aneurysm, pulmonary infarction and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula.

3. Trauma

Chest trauma, contusion, rib fractures, gunshot wounds, explosion injuries and medical procedures (such as chest or lung puncture, biopsy, bronchoscopy, etc.) can occasionally cause hemoptysis.

4. Systemic bleeding tendency disease

Common ones include leukemia, hemophilia, aplastic anemia, pulmonary hemorrhagic leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, pulmonary plague, thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, chronic renal failure, uremia, etc.

5. Other less common diseases or abnormalities

Such as alternative menstruation (no vaginal bleeding), oxygen poisoning, Goodpasture's syndrome, bronchiectasis, sinusitis, and visceroposition syndrome.

Clinical manifestations

Hemoptysis accompanied by fever is often seen in pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary hemorrhagic leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, bronchial cancer, etc.

Hemoptysis accompanied by chest pain is common in lobar pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis, bronchial cancer, etc.

Hemoptysis accompanied by choking cough can be seen in bronchial carcinoma, mycoplasma pneumonia, etc.

Hemoptysis accompanied by skin and mucous membrane bleeding can be seen in blood diseases (such as leukemia, thrombocytopenic purpura), leptospirosis, hemorrhagic fever, etc.

Hemoptysis accompanied by jaundice is often seen in leptospirosis, lobar pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, etc.