Risks of edema during cerebral hemorrhage

Cerebral hemorrhage is a relatively serious hemorrhagic disease, and a certain period of edema will occur after cerebral hemorrhage. The harm to patients is particularly great, and it is easy to cause changes in consciousness, long-term coma, hemiplegia, etc. For more serious patients, it may even cause death or the emergence of a vegetative state. Therefore, timely treatment and care are required during the edema period.

Risks of edema during cerebral hemorrhage

1. Changes in consciousness. Half of the patients have varying degrees of consciousness disorders, manifested as drowsiness, lethargy and coma. Severe cases may become confused or comatose within minutes after the onset of the disease: Impaired consciousness is the most prominent symptom of intracranial hemorrhage and the main indicator for judging prognosis. Small amounts of hemorrhage located on the outside of the cortex and basal ganglia are less likely to cause impaired consciousness, while larger amounts of hemorrhage located on the inside of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem are more likely to cause impaired consciousness due to cerebral edema and impact on the reticular system. When patients have impaired consciousness, they often suffer from urinary incontinence or urinary retention. 2. Some patients may suddenly feel numbness, weakness, and difficulty in moving on one side of the body, objects held in their hands may fall, their mouths may become crooked, they may drool, and they may walk unsteadily. When talking to someone, you suddenly become unable to speak, or your words are unclear, or you can't understand what others are saying. Temporary blurred vision may return to normal on its own, or blindness may occur. 3. Headache, nausea and vomiting 40% to 50% of patients experience headache, nausea and vomiting, which are often the first symptoms. It initially manifests as severe headache on the same side of the lesion, which becomes a full headache when intracranial pressure increases, accompanied by projectile vomiting, which is more likely to occur when turning the head or turning over. There is papilledema. In the later stages of the disease, there is a disorder of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, vomiting becomes more frequent, and in severe cases, the hypothalamus is damaged and the vomitus is brown.

The main things to note in nursing care for patients with cerebral hemorrhage are: 1. Absolute bed rest for 2 weeks. The head can be gently turned left and right. Excessive moving or lifting of the head should be avoided. The limbs can be turned slightly in bed, once every 2 hours. There is no need to be overly nervous. Urination and defecation must be done in bed. Do not get out of bed on your own to prevent accidental bleeding again. 2. Hypertension is a common cause of this disease. When taking antihypertensive drugs, you should take them on time and in fixed amounts. Do not increase or decrease the dosage at will to prevent sudden rise or fall in blood pressure, which may aggravate the condition. 3. Patients with cerebral hemorrhage need a quiet and comfortable environment. Especially within 2 weeks of onset, visits should be reduced as much as possible, and patients should maintain a calm and stable mood and avoid various negative emotional influences.