Causes of aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia is a common disease. It is a manifestation of bone marrow hematopoietic failure syndrome. Clinically, it often manifests as anemia or bleeding and is prone to infection. The causes of aplastic anemia are relatively complex. For example, drugs, chemical toxic substances, and ionizing radiation may all lead to aplastic anemia, which is particularly harmful to patients.

Causes of aplastic anemia

1. Drugs are the most common cause of disease. 2. The relationship between the chemical poison benzene and its derivatives and aplastic anemia has been confirmed by many experimental studies. Benzene is easily fixed in fat-rich tissues when it enters the human body. In chronic benzene poisoning, benzene is mainly fixed in the bone marrow. The bone marrow toxicity of benzene is caused by its metabolites, which can act on hematopoietic progenitor cells, inhibit the synthesis of their DNA and RNA, and damage chromosomes.

3. Ionizing radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays or neutrons can pass through or enter cells and directly damage hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow microenvironment. Long-term radiation exposure exceeding the permitted amount (such as radiation source accidents) can cause aplastic anemia. 4. Viral infection The relationship between viral hepatitis and aplastic anemia has been confirmed, which is called viral hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia, and is one of the most serious complications of viral hepatitis. The type of hepatitis that causes aplastic anemia has not yet been confirmed, and it is mostly caused by seronegative hepatitis. 5. Immune factors: Aplastic anemia can be secondary to thymoma, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Antibodies that inhibit hematopoietic stem cells can be found in the patient's serum. Some cases of aplastic anemia of unknown cause may also involve immune factors.

6. Genetic factors: Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, and Schwachman-Diamond syndrome are mostly autosomal recessive genetic diseases and are familial. 7. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) PNH and aplastic anemia are closely related, as both are hematopoietic stem cell diseases. A clear transition from aplastic anemia to PNH, but the symptoms of aplastic anemia are no longer obvious; or a clear transition from PNH to aplastic anemia, but the symptoms of PNH are no longer obvious; or PNH combined with aplastic anemia and aplastic anemia combined with PNH red blood cells, can all be called aplastic anemia-PNH syndrome. 8. Other factors There are rare case reports of aplastic anemia occurring during pregnancy, being relieved after delivery or induced abortion, and recurring during the second pregnancy, but most people believe that it may be a coincidence. In addition, aplastic anemia can also be secondary to chronic renal failure, severe hypothyroidism or anterior pituitary dysfunction, etc.

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