Symptoms of benign maxillofacial tumors

Although everyone is destined to die, to be honest, people still have psychological shadows about the arrival of death. Unless there are special reasons, people don't want to go to the hospital, but once they hear about diseases related to tumors, everyone will become very panicked. Maxillofacial tumors are also a type of tumor. Under normal circumstances, there are fascial spaces between the tissues of the maxillofacial region, but when there are maxillofacial tumors, abscesses will occur. What are the symptoms of benign maxillofacial tumors?

The maxillofacial region consists of bone tissue and soft tissue, and the maxillofacial organs include the oral cavity, salivary glands, and temporomandibular joint. The following are common maxillofacial tumors: ① Odontogenic tumors. A tumor of the jaw that forms during tooth development. Benign ones include ameloblastoma, odontogenic adenoid tumor, calcifying odontogenic epithelioma, calcifying odontogenic cyst, true cementoma, odontogenic fibroma, odontogenic myxoma, compound odontoma, and combined odontoma. Malignant ones include ameloblast carcinoma, ameloblast fibrosarcoma, etc. ②Tumors of general tissue origin. Benign ones include papilloma, salivary gland mixed tumor, fibroma, lipoma, myxoma, chondroma, osteoma, fibroosteoma, hemangioma, lymphangioma, neurofibroma, neurotheca, etc.; malignant ones include squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, papillary cystadenocarcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, malignant lymphoma, melanoma, neurofibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, etc. The main treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and Chinese herbal medicine. ③Maxillofacial cyst. Odontogenic cysts include root cysts, dentigerous cysts, keratinizing cysts, etc.; dysplastic cysts include median cysts, nasopalatine cysts, globose maxillary cysts, nasolabial cysts, thyroglossal cysts, dermoid cysts, and branchial cleft cysts; retention cysts include sublingual gland cysts and mucous gland cysts. Jaw cysts are characterized by chronic bulging of the jaw, thinning and softening of the bone cortex, and a cystic feel. They are painless and can be secondarily infected. X-rays show bulging of the jaw, translucent areas with smooth borders, white lines, and changes in teeth. The main treatment is surgical removal of the cyst, but the source of the disease must also be treated.

Oral and maxillofacial tumors are divided into two categories: benign and malignant according to their biological characteristics and harm to the human body. It is of great significance to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors in clinical practice.

Benign tumors can occur at any age, generally grow slowly, and exist for a few years to decades. They can weigh up to several kilograms, such as parotid mixed tumors. Benign tumors tend to grow in an expansive manner, gradually increasing in size and squeezing and compressing surrounding tissues. Their appearance is mostly spherical or lobed. The tumor has a capsule, has no adhesion to the surrounding tissues, and is generally mobile.

Patients generally have no subjective symptoms, but pain may occur when adjacent nerves are compressed or secondary infection or malignant transformation occurs. No lymph node metastasis occurs. Generally, it has no effect on the body, but if the tumor grows in some important parts, such as the root of the tongue, soft palate, etc., it may cause breathing and swallowing difficulties and endanger life. Pathological examination can reveal that the cells of benign tumors are well differentiated, and their morphology and structure are similar to those of normal tissues. Common benign tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region include fibroma, lipoma, ameloblastoma, neurofibroma, hemangioma, etc.

The characteristics of malignant tumors are very different from those of benign tumors. They generally grow faster and more invasively. Cancer often occurs in the elderly, while sarcoma is more common in young and middle-aged people. Malignant tumors can invade and destroy surrounding tissues, so the boundaries of the tumor are unclear and the movement is limited. When malignant tumors infiltrate and grow to the surrounding areas, they can destroy adjacent tissues and organs and cause functional disorders.

For example, damage to the facial nerve can cause facial paralysis; invasion of the sensory nerves can cause pain or numbness; when the jaw is involved, it can cause loose teeth and pathological fractures; and when the pterygopalatine fossa, masseter muscle, and medial pterygoid muscle are invaded, difficulty in opening the mouth may occur. As the tumor grows, cancer cells can gradually invade nearby lymphatic vessels and blood vessels and metastasize. The toxic substances produced by the rapid growth and destruction of tumors can cause patients to develop "cachexia" in the late stages of the tumor.

Patients often die due to rapid tumor growth, metastasis, invasion of important organs, and development of cachexia. Pathological examination can reveal that the cells of malignant tumors are poorly differentiated, the cell morphology and structure are atypical, and abnormal nuclear division occurs. Common oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors include oral squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, malignant lymphoma, malignant melanoma, and malignant transformation of mixed tumors.

We should always pay attention to the causes of giant cell tumor of bone and make preventive health care preparations for giant cell tumor of bone. We hope that the causes of giant cell tumor of bone described above will be helpful to you.