How to treat hand-to-mouth disease in the early stage

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a contagious disease. As the name suggests, the main sites of disease occurrence are the hands, heels and feet. It has a certain course of disease, and the treatment methods are different in different stages. For example, in the early stage of hand, foot and mouth disease, we can treat it through some methods. So how do we treat hand, foot and mouth disease in the early stage?

Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus. There are more than 20 types of enterovirus that can cause hand, foot and mouth disease, among which Coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16) and enterovirus 71 (EV 71) are the most common. It mostly occurs in children under 5 years old, with symptoms such as mouth pain, anorexia, low fever, and small blisters or ulcers on the hands, feet, mouth, etc. Most children recover on their own in about a week, while a few children may develop complications such as myocarditis, pulmonary edema, and aseptic meningoencephalitis. The condition of some seriously ill children progresses rapidly, leading to death. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment drugs and the main treatment is symptomatic.

1. Treatment of common cases: ( 1) Strengthen isolation: avoid cross infection, get adequate rest, eat a light diet, and take good care of your oral cavity and skin.

(2) Symptomatic treatment: fever, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. should be treated accordingly.

(3) Etiological treatment: Ribavirin, etc.

2. Treatment of severe cases: (1) Cases with concurrent nervous system involvement:

① Symptomatic treatment: such as cooling, sedation, and anticonvulsant (diazepam, sodium phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, etc.);

②Control intracranial hypertension: limit the intake, administer mannitol for dehydration, the dosage is 0.5-1.0g/kg each time, Q4h-Q8h, adjust the administration time and dosage according to the condition, and add furosemide if necessary;

③ Intravenous injection of immunoglobulin: 1g/kg twice or 2g/kg once;

④ Use glucocorticoids as appropriate: methylprednisolone 1-2 mg/(kg·d), intravenous drip in 1-2 times. Severe cases can be treated with short-term high-dose granules: methylprednisolone 15-30 mg/(kg·d), which can be reduced to a small dose after 3 days;

⑤For patients with respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation should be provided and respiratory management should be strengthened.

(2) Cases with combined respiratory and circulatory system involvement:

① Keep the airway open and inhale oxygen;

② Establish intravenous access and monitor respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and blood saturation;

③ In case of respiratory failure, timely endotracheal intubation, use of positive pressure mechanical ventilation, and adjustment of respiratory parameters at any time according to blood gas analysis;

④ Use vasoactive drugs and immunoglobulin G when necessary.