Brown blood after menstruation

For women with mature reproductive systems, menstruation is a process that must be experienced every month. Generally speaking, there is no abnormal phenomenon after menstruation, but if brown blood appears after menstruation, patients need to pay close attention, because this is likely caused by gynecological diseases such as vaginitis, cervicitis or cervical erosion. If this symptom occurs, be sure to find out the cause and treat it in time!

Vaginitis

Vaginitis, or inflammation of the vagina, is a group of conditions that cause vulvovaginal symptoms such as itching, burning, irritation, and abnormal discharge. The vagina of a normal healthy woman has a natural defense function against the invasion of pathogens due to the characteristics of its anatomical tissue. For example, the closure of the vaginal opening, the close contact of the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina, the proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells and the keratinization of surface cells under the influence of estrogen, and the balance of vaginal acidity and alkalinity inhibit the reproduction of alkaline-adapted pathogens. The cervical mucus is alkaline. When the natural defense function of the vagina is destroyed, pathogens can easily invade and cause vaginal inflammation.

Under normal circumstances, aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria live in the vagina, forming normal vaginal flora. If the ecological balance between the vagina and the bacterial flora is disrupted for any reason, conditional pathogens may also form. Common clinical conditions include: bacterial vaginosis (accounting for 22% to 50% of symptomatic women), candidal vaginitis (17% to 39%), Trichomonas vaginitis (4% to 35%), senile vaginitis, and vaginitis in young women.

Cervicitis

Cervicitis is one of the common gynecological diseases, which is more common in women of childbearing age. It is caused by damage to the cervix and invasion of pathogens, including inflammation of the cervicovaginal part and inflammation of the cervical canal mucosa. The cervix is ​​an important line of defense to prevent pathogens from the lower reproductive tract from entering the upper reproductive tract, but the single-layer columnar epithelium of the cervical canal itself has poor resistance to infection. If it is damaged by mechanical stimulation such as sexual intercourse, childbirth, abortion, and surgery, it is more susceptible to infection. Clinically, cervicitis is divided into acute and chronic types, with chronic inflammation being the most common. The main symptoms of acute cervicitis are redness and swelling of the cervix and edema of the cervical mucosa, often accompanied by acute vaginitis or acute endometritis. Chronic cervicitis has many manifestations such as cervical erosion, cervical hypertrophy, cervical polyps, cervical glandular cysts and cervical eversion. Chronic cervicitis has a certain relationship with cervical cancer, so it should be actively prevented and treated. Women over 30 with cervicitis should have regular cervical smears to check for cancer cells.

Cervical erosion

Due to different degrees of inflammatory stimulation, the columnar epithelium of the cervical mucosa grows slowly, the epithelium is flat and has a smooth surface, which is simple erosion; the columnar epithelium grows quickly and forms glandular hyperplasia, which is adenoid erosion. If the glands are dilated, it may be a follicular erosion, accompanied by stromal hyperplasia, forming small protrusions, which are unevenly covered with columnar epithelium, forming papillary erosions. Cervical erosion is one of the most common gynecological diseases.