How does calcified epithelioma come about?

Xiao Zhang has been very unhappy recently because he was diagnosed with calcified epithelioma. He doesn't understand why he, who has always paid attention to health preservation, suddenly developed calcified epithelioma. The doctor told him that calcified epithelioma is actually pilomatricoma, a cellular tumor. So what exactly caused Xiao Zhang to suffer from calcified epithelioma? After being diagnosed with calcified epithelioma, how should Xiao Zhang resume his life and how can he receive effective treatment?

Calcifying epithelioma, also known as pilomatrixoma, is a cell tumor differentiated from the epidermal hair cortex and contains alkaliphilic cells and ghost cells. The ghost cells come from alkaliphilic cells. There are more alkaliphilic cells in new lesions, but fewer or even no alkaliphilic cells in old lesions. The lesions are located deep in the dermis or subcutaneously and are benign tumors in the deep layer of the skin.

symptom

It often occurs on the face, neck, upper limbs and buttocks. It is more common in children. The lesion is a solitary subcutaneous cartilage-like tumor or nodule, 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter, round in shape, with clear boundaries, and the surface skin is normal or dark purple-red, and light bluish-red when located shallowly. The affected area turns red when the child is anxious or crying. It often grows slowly, and its texture changes from soft to hard. Children usually have no symptoms. When it increases to a certain extent, it may cause mild pain. The tumor may be tightly adhered to the skin, but the base can be moved and rarely ruptures, containing lime-like sand particles. Color Doppler ultrasound shows no blood flow, or only punctate blood flow.

Causes

The etiology and pathogenesis of calcified epithelioma are unclear. Some patients have a history of local trauma before the disease damage occurs, which may be related to myotonic dystrophy. However, the clinical manifestations lack characteristic features and the diagnosis is mainly based on tissue pathology. A few cases may become malignant and should be treated with early surgery.

treat

Under local anesthesia (children often do not cooperate and require general anesthesia), a small straight incision is made on the skin to separate the tumor and completely remove it. Smaller single nodules can also be treated with electrocautery and laser, and generally do not recur.

Identification

1. Skin hemangiomas are common in infants and young children at birth or shortly after birth. They tend to occur on the face, head, neck, and can also be seen on the limbs. Each type of hemangioma has its own clinical characteristics. In port-wine lentigo, capillaries in the dermis are dilated, but endothelial cells do not proliferate. Capillary hemangioma, a large area of ​​tightly arranged capillaries in the entire layer of the dermis and even in the subcutaneous tissue, with thin walls, endothelial cell hyperplasia, and no smooth muscle cells outside the basement membrane. The vascular cavities in the active growth area are not obvious, and the hyperplastic endothelial cells are arranged in solid cords or sheets, with visible nuclear division. Cavernous hemangioma is a blood sinusoid of varying sizes in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The sinusoid wall is thin and the cavity is large. The blood sinusoids are of different sizes and shapes and are lined with a single layer of endothelial cells. The periphery is unevenly distributed loose collagen fibers and a small amount of smooth muscle cells. A small number of larger irregular arteries and veins can also be seen in the tumor. Thrombosis is common in the lumen, some of which have become sclerotic and calcified.

2. Sebaceous cysts are mostly single, occasionally multiple, spherical tumors with a diameter of 1 to 3 cm. They are located in the skin or subcutaneous tissue and are adhered to the skin, but the base can be pushed and the surface is smooth without any fluctuation. The skin color is normal or light blue. Small black spots caused by obstruction of the sebaceous gland openings can be seen on the surface of the cyst, from which white tofu-like contents can be squeezed out. It is often complicated by infection, causing the cyst to rupture and temporarily disappear.