What is vomiting blood?

If dry vomiting of blood occurs, the patient and relatives will feel particularly frightened, because scenes of vomiting blood often appear on TV. In fact, don't panic too much at this time. There are many reasons for vomiting blood, and not all vomiting blood is the most serious disease. In general, vomiting blood is caused by upper gastrointestinal bleeding. For example, diseases of the esophagus, stomach, etc. may cause vomiting blood.

What is vomiting blood?

There are many causes of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the most common of which are peptic ulcer, acute gastric mucosal damage, esophageal varices and gastric cancer. The causes of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be summarized as follows:

1. Upper gastrointestinal diseases

(1) Esophageal diseases: esophagitis, esophageal cancer, esophageal peptic ulcer, esophageal injury, etc. (2) Gastroduodenal diseases: peptic ulcer, acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, gastric mucosal prolapse, gastric cancer, acute gastric dilatation, duodenitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, postoperative lesions of the stomach, etc. (3) Jejunal diseases: Crohn's disease of the jejunum, jejunal ulcer after gastrointestinal anastomosis.

2. Portal hypertension

(1) Various decompensated stages of liver cirrhosis. (2) Portal vein obstruction, portal vein venitis, portal vein thrombosis, and portal vein compression by adjacent masses. (3) Hepatic veno-occlusive syndrome.

3. Diseases of organs or tissues adjacent to the upper gastrointestinal tract

(1) Biliary bleeding due to bile duct or gallbladder stones, gallbladder or bile duct cancer, compression necrosis of the bile duct caused by postoperative common bile duct drainage tube, liver cancer or hepatic artery aneurysm rupture into the bile duct. (2) Pancreatic diseases involving the duodenum, pancreatic cancer, acute pancreatitis with abscess rupture. (3) Aneurysm ruptures into the esophagus, stomach or duodenum, aortic aneurysm, hepatic or splenic artery aneurysm ruptures. (4) Mediastinal tumor or abscess ruptures into the esophagus.

4. Systemic diseases

(1) Blood diseases: leukemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemophilia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and other coagulation disorders. (2) Uremia. (3) Vascular diseases: atherosclerosis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, etc. (4) Polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus or other vasculitis. (5) Stress ulcer, sepsis, trauma, burns or major surgery, shock, after treatment with adrenal glucocorticoids, cerebrovascular accident or other cranial lesions, emphysema and cor pulmonale, etc.