Mitral-tricuspid regurgitation

The mitral valve and tricuspid valve are both tissues belonging to the human ventricle. This tissue is very important to the human body and can effectively protect our heart. However, the mitral valve and tricuspid valve also often have problems, including mitral tricuspid regurgitation, which is one of the problems. This can have certain symptoms. So what is mitral tricuspid regurgitation?

The normal mitral valve closure function depends on the complete structure and normal function of five parts: the valve leaflets, valve ring, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and left ventricle. Structural and functional abnormalities in any of these five parts can cause mitral regurgitation. With mild reflux, patients experience only mild dyspnea on exertion. Severe reflux (such as papillary muscle rupture) can quickly lead to acute left heart failure or even cardiogenic shock.

Clinical manifestations

1. Symptoms (1) Acute mild reflux with only mild exertional dyspnea. Severe reflux (such as papillary muscle rupture) can quickly lead to acute left heart failure or even cardiogenic shock.

(2) Patients with chronic mild mitral regurgitation may have no symptoms for a long time. When left ventricular dysfunction occurs, patients experience fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, exertional dyspnea and other symptoms caused by reduced cardiac output. Subsequently, the condition worsened, with symptoms of orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and even acute pulmonary edema, which eventually led to pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure.

2. Signs (1) Auscultatory apical systolic murmur is the most important sign of mitral regurgitation. The typical murmur is a coarse holosystolic blowing-like murmur, which is often transmitted to the axilla and left interscapular region. When the posterior valve is damaged, it can be transmitted to the base of the heart. In mitral valve prolapse, there is only a mid- to late-systolic murmur. P2 is hyperactive and wide-split.

(2) Other apical beats are enhanced and shifted downward; there is a lifting beat in the apical area and a holosystolic tremor. When concurrent pulmonary edema or right heart failure occurs, corresponding signs will appear.

Systolic murmurs may occur in tricuspid regurgitation, ventricular septal defect, aortic stenosis, and left and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and care should be taken to differentiate them. Echocardiography is the most accurate noninvasive method for diagnosing and evaluating mitral regurgitation.