Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

In life, some patients suffer from serious diseases that damage their body functions, and their own hematopoietic stem cells are unable to produce blood, endangering their lives. In order to treat the disease, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is performed medically to help patients recover their health. However, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has certain risks, and patients may experience rejection reactions. This article mainly describes the process and nursing methods of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, hoping to be beneficial to patients.

What is the process of bone marrow transplantation?

Although there are some uncontrollable factors before, during and after bone marrow transplantation, the current clinical matching and implantation process is relatively mature, and most of the transplants can be successfully completed.

The process of bone marrow transplantation is relatively simple and not difficult to understand. After pretreatment (drugs/radiotherapy), the patient's original defective hematopoietic system and immune system are cleared to prepare for the reconstruction of a new hematopoietic system and immune system. This process is relatively painful if the reaction is large. The donor's processed hematopoietic stem cells are then returned, just like a blood transfusion.

What procedures do the donor and the recipient need to go through?

The donor needs to undergo stem cell collection, which usually requires an injection (stem cell mobilization agent) 5 to 6 days in advance, after which the stem cells are collected through a special machine. The total amount collected at one time is generally 150~250ml, which is less than the amount of blood collected in an ordinary blood donation.

Simply put, the process of drawing blood is similar to that of ordinary blood donation, except that the step before that requires the injection of a mobilization agent, which is a bit uncomfortable for some people, and is also the reason why some people worry that bone marrow donation is harmful to the body.

In fact, this does not cause any actual harm to the human body, but you still need to rest for a period of time after donation, avoid overwork, do not engage in strenuous exercise or heavy physical work, and do not stay up late.

After bone marrow donation, some tips:

①: Take calcium tablets for a period of time;

②: Eat more high-protein foods;

③: You can supplement your diet with red meat, which can replenish calcium and blood.

Nursing Tips

Keep the indoor air fresh, open windows for ventilation for 30 minutes every morning and evening, and reduce family gatherings. Within six months after transplantation or when the white blood cell count is lower than normal, remember to wear a mask when going out. In order to avoid bacterial growth, patients who love pets must give up their pets for their own health reasons.

Appropriate exercise: Not only do transplant patients have low immunity, but most of them also experience slight atrophy of the muscles in both lower limbs. Therefore, they should first exercise indoors and then outdoors, gradually increasing the amount of activity to restore physical strength and enhance resistance. Adjust your mindset and stay relaxed and happy. Ensuring adequate sleep is especially important for patients.

Nutritional supplementation: Patients consume a lot of energy during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Most patients will experience a certain degree of malnutrition and physical deterioration, so it is necessary to supplement appropriate amounts of nutrition. Pay attention to consuming more high-calorie, high-protein, high-vitamin foods, mainly light semi-liquid or pasta. You can eat more easily digestible foods such as pork rib soup, chicken soup, fish soup, and add vegetables and fruits.

Prevention of infection: Patients should pay attention to hygiene, try not to eat raw or cold food, and keep warm to avoid catching a cold or other infections. It is recommended to have a follow-up examination on time: In order to understand your condition at any time and have a clear idea of ​​it, patients should follow the doctor's advice and go to the hospital regularly to check their blood routine and biochemical indicators. If you feel any discomfort (such as rash, cold, fever, diarrhea), you must go to the transplant hospital in time and receive treatment under the doctor's guidance. Only after the condition stabilizes can you go to other hospitals for regular checkups. Six months, one year, and two years after the transplant, you should return to the transplant hospital for a comprehensive review and listen to the doctor's advice.