What causes renal necrosis?

The kidney organ is unique to vertebrates. The function of the kidney is closely related to our urinary system, which means that the kidney function is closely related to our excretion function. Not only that, the kidneys also have some endocrine functions, which can help us regulate blood pressure in the body. Each of us has two kidneys in our body. Renal necrosis is a common disease in the kidneys. So what causes renal necrosis?

When kidney stones block the ureter and cause hydronephrosis, the renal cortex becomes thinner. Over time, the blood circulation in the kidneys becomes poor. If the circulation is poor for a long time, the kidneys will become necrotic.

Under a microscope, it can be seen that each kidney is mainly composed of about 1 million renal units with the same structure and function and a small amount of connective tissue, with a large number of blood vessels and nerve fibers in between.

The nephron is composed of two parts: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal tubules merge into the collecting ducts.

The kidneys are located in the waist, one on each side of the spine, so the Su Wen Pulse Essentials Micro-discussion says: "The waist is the home of the kidneys." Because the kidneys store the "innate essence", are the basis of the yin and yang of the internal organs and the source of life, they are called the "innate basis". The kidney belongs to water in the five elements. Since the Kidney Meridian of Foot Shaoyin and the Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang are interconnected and belong to the kidney and bladder, the kidney and bladder are the exterior and interior of each other.

The position of the kidneys: The right renal hilum is aligned with the transverse process of the second lumbar vertebra, and the left one is aligned with the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney by 1-2 cm due to the relationship with the liver. The normal up and down movement of the kidney is within the range of 1-2 cm. The kidneys are below the diaphragm. During physical examination, except for the lower pole of the right kidney which can be palpated at the lower edge of the ribs, the left kidney is difficult to palpate.

The kidneys are located on both sides of the spine, close to the posterior abdominal wall, and behind the peritoneum. The upper end of the left kidney is level with the lower edge of the 11th thoracic vertebra, and the lower end is level with the lower edge of the 2nd lumbar vertebra. The right kidney is half a vertebra lower than the left kidney. The 12th rib on the left side passes obliquely through the middle part of the back of the left kidney, and the 12th rib on the right side passes obliquely through the upper part of the back of the right kidney.

Surface projection of the renal hilum: on the anterior abdominal wall, it is located at the front end of the 9th rib; on the posterior abdominal wall, it is located at the angle between the lower edge of the 12th rib and the outer edge of the erector spinae muscle. This angle is called the renal angle or dorsal auxiliary angle. When the kidney is diseased, there is often tenderness or percussion pain in this area. Surface projection of the kidney: draw two vertical lines at 2.5cm and 7.5-8.5cm on both sides of the posterior midline, and draw a horizontal line through the spinous processes of the 11th thoracic vertebra and the 3rd lumbar vertebra. The kidney is located within the two quadrilaterals formed by these vertical and horizontal marking lines. Abnormal symptoms such as pain within this range often indicate kidney disease. The position of the kidney may vary. Those located in the pelvic cavity or iliac fossa are low-positioned kidneys. If they move across the midline to the opposite side, they are crossed ectopic kidneys. Abnormal kidney position is relatively rare. When diagnosing abdominal masses, care should be taken to differentiate them from tumors.

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