Common diseases in vascular surgery

Vascular surgery mainly refers to cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, and also includes peripheral blood vessels. It is an emerging independent discipline in the field of surgery. There are many diseases in this area. The most common ones are arteriosclerosis obliterans, thoracic aortic dissecting aneurysm, etc. These diseases of vascular surgery are particularly harmful to patients, so once similar diseases occur, they should be treated in time.

Common diseases in vascular surgery

1. Arteriosclerosis obliterans

In medicine, systemic arterial obstructive diseases caused by arteriosclerosis are collectively referred to as arteriosclerosis obliterans. It is common in certain large and medium-sized arteries, such as the lower segment of the abdominal aorta and the arteries of the limbs. It is the main cause of arterial stenosis, occlusion or aneurysmal lesions in middle-aged and elderly patients. The disease is most common in the lower limb arteries, and the affected limbs experience symptoms of limb ischemia such as coldness, numbness, pain, intermittent claudication, ulcers or necrosis of the toes or feet.

2. Abdominal aortic aneurysm and various peripheral artery aneurysms (carotid artery, visceral artery and limb artery)

Common symptoms are a pulsating mass at the site of the lesion, which may be accompanied by pain. Mural thrombi often occur in the tumor, and detachment of the thrombi may lead to embolism of the distal arteries of the tumor. As the tumor grows, it may compress nearby tissues and organs. Tumor rupture and massive bleeding can be life-threatening.

3. Thoracic aortic dissecting aneurysm

The main symptoms of patients include sudden severe chest pain, high blood pressure, and difficulty breathing, which may be life-threatening at any time. They should be treated as soon as possible after diagnosis, and most patients can be cured through interventional treatment.

4. Acute arterial embolism or thrombosis

The patient may suddenly experience severe and persistent pain in the affected limb, accompanied by pale skin, numbness, and movement disorders. This is a vascular emergency and it is best to have surgical thrombectomy within 6 to 8 hours of onset. Otherwise, limb ischemia and necrosis may occur and be life-threatening.

5. Varicose veins of the lower extremities

Most of them are lesions of the great saphenous vein and its branches, which are common diseases in surgery. It is mainly superficial varicose veins, accompanied by swelling, pain, soreness or heaviness of the affected limb, dermatitis, eczema, pigmentation and ulcers on the skin of the calf.

6. Deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities

It usually occurs after trauma, surgery or prolonged bed rest, and most often affects the left lower limb. The main symptoms are pain and swelling of the affected limb, which progressively worsens within a short period of time. In severe cases, cerulea cerulea may occur. Once deep vein thrombosis is suspected, the patient should stay in bed, undergo vascular ultrasound examination to confirm the diagnosis, and receive anticoagulant treatment as soon as possible, and perform thrombolysis, thrombectomy and filter placement when necessary.

7. Other diseases

Including Raynaud's syndrome, thromboangiitis obliterans, diabetic foot, various types of large-vessel arteritis, vascular injury, arteriovenous fistula, vascular malformation, venous valve insufficiency, pulmonary embolism, superior vena cava obstruction syndrome, inferior vena cava obstruction syndrome, lymphatic system diseases, etc.