What to do if the nasal artery ruptures

Inside the human nose, there are not only many olfactory nerves, but also arteries. Therefore, some nosebleeds must not be ignored, because they are likely caused by rupture of the nasal artery. Splenic artery rupture is usually sudden and occurs when a person has experienced high pressure and then suddenly reaches a low pressure environment. What is the solution after a nasal artery rupture?

In the summer, many people have nosebleeds due to the hot weather, sometimes several times a day. They think it is a sign of getting angry, and it is not easy to see a doctor. How to deal with nosebleeds in general? The methods are as follows.

(1) Sit down and loosen the clothing around your neck.

(2) Lean forward slightly, do not tilt your head back, and allow the blood to flow out of your nasal cavity rather than flowing back into your throat.

(3) Breathe through your mouth and pinch the bridge of your nose for about 5 minutes.

(4) If the bleeding in the nose stops after 5 minutes, you can relax the bridge of the nose; otherwise, continue to pinch the bridge of the nose.

(5) After the nasal bleeding stops, continue to breathe through your mouth and do not blow your nose or try to remove the blood clots in your nasal cavity within 4 hours.

Causes

There are many causes of epistaxis, which can be caused by diseases of the nasal cavity itself, or by diseases around the nasal cavity or systemic diseases.

(1) Nose injury

① Mechanical trauma

Common causes of nosebleeds include car accidents, falls, boxing injuries and nose picking.

② Barotrauma

During high-altitude flying or diving, if the air pressure difference inside and outside the sinuses suddenly changes too much, the blood vessels in the mucosa of the nasal cavity and sinuses will dilate, rupture and bleed.

③Radiotherapy injury

During and after radiotherapy of the head and neck, the nasal mucosa may become congested and edematous, or the epithelium may fall off, and nose bleeding may also occur.

(2) Deviated nasal septum

It often occurs near the bone ridge or bone spine (rectiform process) or the convex surface of the deviated nasal septum. The mucosa there is thinner and the direction of air flow changes here, so the mucosa becomes dry, causing blood vessels to rupture and bleed. Patients with nasal septum perforation may suffer from recurrent nosebleeds due to dryness, erosion, and shedding of the mucosa at the edge of the perforation.

(3) Nasal inflammation

① Nonspecific inflammation of the nose

Acute rhinosinusitis, dry rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis, etc. can easily cause nose bleeding, but the amount of bleeding is generally not much.

② Specific infection of the nose

Specific infections such as tuberculosis, lupus, syphilis, leprosy and diphtheria can cause nose bleeding due to mucosal erosion, ulcers, granulation tissue and nasal septum perforation.

(4) Tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx

Among them, the most prone to nosebleeds are nasal septum hemangioma, nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, hemorrhagic nasal polyps and malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Minor nose bleeding or blood in the mucus is one of the main early symptoms of malignant tumors.

(5) Foreign matter in the nasal cavity

It is common in children, mostly unilateral nosebleeds, because foreign objects remain in the nasal cavity for a long time, which can cause erosion and bleeding of the nasal mucosa. Animal foreign bodies in the nasal cavity, such as leeches, can cause repeated heavy nosebleeds.

Such as cold, influenza, hemorrhagic fever, scarlet fever, malaria, measles and typhoid. It is mostly caused by high fever, toxic damage to blood vessels, congestion, swelling and dryness of the nasal mucosa, resulting in rupture and bleeding of capillaries. Generally, the amount of bleeding is small, mostly occurs during the fever period, and the bleeding site is mostly located in the front of the nasal cavity.

(3) Cardiovascular diseases

① Hypertension and arteriosclerosis Hypertension and arteriosclerosis are important causes of nosebleeds in middle-aged and elderly people, and vascular sclerosis is its pathological basis. Increased blood pressure, especially when constipated, overexerting or emotionally excited, can rupture blood vessels in the nose and cause nosebleeds. In addition, sneezing, coughing hard, vigorous nasal breathing or nasal massage are also factors that cause nosebleeds to recur and become difficult to control.

② Increased venous pressure due to diseases such as emphysema, cor pulmonale, mitral valve stenosis, and space-occupying lesions in the neck or mediastinum can cause superior vena cava hypertension. The nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal veins of these patients are often distended and congested. When the patient coughs violently or due to other inducements, the blood vessels may rupture and bleed. The bleeding site is mostly located in the distribution area of ​​the nasopharyngeal vein at the posterior nostril.

(4) Other systemic diseases

Pregnancy, premenopause, and menopause can all cause nose bleeding, which may be related to increased capillary fragility. Patients with severe liver disease may experience nosebleeds due to impaired liver synthesis of coagulation factors. Uremia can also cause nose bleeding. Nosebleeds can be one of the early symptoms of rheumatic fever.

Summary: There are many ways to treat nosebleeds. If the cause of bleeding is unknown for a long time, it is still necessary to find out the cause so that effective treatment measures can be taken.