Hemophagocytic syndrome

Diseases are very common, and there are many types of diseases. In the treatment of diseases, the choice of methods is critical. Different diseases have different treatment methods, and different disease symptoms are also very different. In the treatment of diseases, it is necessary to have a good understanding of all aspects of the disease, so that the treatment can proceed smoothly. So what is hemophagocytic syndrome?

Many people don’t know much about hemophagocytic syndrome, and when treating this disease, they all have different methods to choose. Therefore, it is also necessary to have a good understanding of the clinical manifestations of this disease.

Hemophagocytic syndrome:

Clinical manifestations

1. Familial hemophagocytic syndrome

The age of onset is generally early, most occurring within 1 year of age, but there are also cases in older patients. Clinical manifestations vary. In the early stages, they are mostly fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and may also include rash, lymphadenopathy, and neurological symptoms. Fever is often persistent and may subside on its own. The liver and spleen are obviously enlarged. The rash is non-characteristic and usually transient. About half of the patients may have enlarged lymph nodes, and those with obvious enlargement should be differentiated from lymphoma. Central nervous system involvement often occurs in the late stage, and may include increased excitability, full anterior fontanelle, changes in muscle tone and convulsions, as well as local neurological signs. The lungs may be infiltrated with lymphocytes or macrophages, which can make it difficult to differentiate from infection. Common causes of death include hemorrhage, infection, multiple organ failure and DIC.

2. Secondary hemophagocytic syndrome

(1) Infection-related hemophagocytic syndrome Severe infection can cause a strong immune response, which often occurs in immunocompromised patients. It is usually caused by a virus, but may also be caused by bacteria, fungi, rickettsial, and protozoan infections. Its clinical manifestations include signs of hemophagocytic syndrome and evidence of infection.

(2) Tumor-associated hemophagocytic syndrome Acute leukemia, lymphoma, seminoma, etc. may be complicated by or secondary to hemophagocytic syndrome before, during, or after treatment. Because the primary disease may be relatively hidden, especially in patients with lymphoma, it is very easy to misdiagnose it as infection-related hemophagocytic syndrome.

(3) Macrophage activation syndrome is a serious complication of chronic rheumatic diseases in children and is more common in patients with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. On the basis of chronic rheumatic diseases, patients develop symptoms of hemophagocytic syndrome such as fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, abnormal liver function and central nervous system lesions.

Through the above introduction, we have some understanding of hemophagocytic syndrome. The treatment of such a disease also takes some time, and after the disease is discovered, it needs to be treated immediately. This will be of great help in stabilizing the patient's disease and prevent the patient's disease from continuing to develop.