Symptoms of chronic cystitis

Cystitis has become a common disease. It can be divided into chronic cystitis and acute cystitis. Generally, it is caused by multiple bacterial infections. Everyone should pay attention to cystitis. It has a high probability of causing other diseases. If symptoms of cystitis appear, you must seek timely treatment, especially for the symptoms of chronic cystitis, everyone should know more about it.

Everyone should know what cystitis is. The most obvious symptoms of cystitis are frequent urination and urgency. Especially everyone should know the symptoms of chronic cystitis. If similar symptoms occur, it is also possible to determine what disease it is and to receive further treatment.

symptom

1. Chronic cystitis refers to the long-term presence of symptoms of frequent urination and urgency, but it is not as severe as acute cystitis. There are small or moderate amounts of white blood cells and red blood cells in the urine. Most of these patients have a history of acute cystitis, accompanied by stones, urinary tract malformations or other obstructive factors, rather than simple cystitis.

2. The symptoms of chronic cystitis are similar to those of acute cystitis, but there is no high fever. The symptoms may last for several weeks or occur intermittently, causing the patient to feel weak, emaciated, and have discomfort or dull pain in the waist, abdomen, and bladder perineum. Sometimes, symptoms of neurasthenia such as dizziness and vertigo may occur.

3. Symptoms of chronic cystitis: Under cystoscopic observation, edematous inflammation can be seen in the bladder neck and bladder trigone. The entire bladder presents patchy red and swollen mucosa, which is prone to bleeding. In severe cases, mucosal ulcers may occur, which are sometimes covered with exudate. Inflammatory cells invade the mucosa and muscle layer, accompanied by fibrosis, which reduces bladder elasticity and capacity.

Treatment and prevention

First of all, you need to rest in bed, drink plenty of water, avoid irritating foods, and hot water sitz baths can improve blood circulation in the perineum and relieve symptoms. Alkaline drugs such as sodium bicarbonate or potassium citrate can reduce urine acidity and relieve bladder spasms. Flavonoids can relieve spasms and reduce urinary tract irritation symptoms. The traditional 10-14 day antibacterial therapy is not necessary for uncomplicated cystitis. A single high-dose or a short course of 3 days is recommended both domestically and internationally.

Etiology and pathology

The mucosa of chronic cystitis is pale, rough, and thickened, sometimes with cysts on the surface. The bladder capacity is reduced due to extensive fibrous tissue proliferation in the mucosal lamina propria and muscularis. Perivesical fibrosis is a rare complication, with microscopic infiltration of the lamina propria and muscularis mucosa with fibroblasts, small round cells, and plasma cells.

Clinical manifestations

Interstitial cystitis

It is a special type of chronic cystitis. The main symptoms include severe frequent urination, urgency, lower abdominal pain, painful urination, hematuria, etc. More common in female patients. Cystoscopy revealed reduced bladder capacity and submucosal bleeding in the bladder fundus or trigone. It is not easy to find during the initial examination, but can only be seen when the bladder is drained and filled again. Villous congestion can also be seen at the top of the bladder, ranging from about 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter, with a yellow center. Histologically, in addition to chronic nonspecific ulcerative cystitis and significant mast cell infiltration, there is also chronic inflammatory infiltration around the nerves. The cause of this disease is unknown, and no bacterial infection, virus or fungus can be found. Some people have found antibodies of interstitial cystitis in the blood of patients with this disease and believe that it is an autoimmune disease. Some people also believe that this disease is related to chronic granulomatous disease, or that this disease is a neurological disease.

Follicular cystitis

This disease is common in chronic urinary tract infections. Cystoscopy reveals small, grayish-yellow raised nodules, which are often surrounded by inflammatory mucosa, but normal mucosa can sometimes be seen between the nodules. The lesions are commonly found in the trigone or bladder fundus. Microscopic examination revealed nodules composed of lymphocyte follicles in the mucosal lamina propria, which needed to be differentiated from tumors. Treatment is to control infection and treat symptoms.

Gas cystitis

Gas cystitis is rare. It often occurs in people with diabetes. The gaseous appearance of the mucosa is caused by the fermentation of glucose in the bladder wall by bacteria (Proteus).

Clinical diagnosis

The diagnosis of acute cystitis requires a midstream urine test in addition to medical history and physical signs. There are pus cells and red blood cells in the urine. In order to provide timely treatment, a urine smear can be subjected to Gram staining to preliminarily determine the nature of the bacteria. At the same time, bacterial culture, colony counts and antibiotic sensitivity tests can be performed to provide a more accurate basis for future treatment. Increased white blood cells in the blood. Cystoscopy should be avoided in cases of acute cystitis.

Everyone should pay attention to the symptoms of chronic cystitis. This disease will recur. If it is not treated in time, it will cause symptoms of hematuria. Chronic cystitis has become the most common disease in the urinary system. Whether it is a woman or a man suffering from cystitis, it will be affected in life, especially the symptoms of urgency, frequency and pain when urinating.