Urethral malformation

Urethral malformation is a male disease, which is often divided into testicular malformation, vas deferens malformation, penis abnormality, congenital malformation, etc. Patients in good condition will only affect the quality of their sexual life, while severe patients may endanger their fertility. When men discover that they have abnormalities, they must seek timely treatment to avoid affecting the future. This article introduces the clinical manifestations of urethral malformation. Let’s take a look.

Clinical manifestations

1. Testicular malformations: agenesis; testicles; polytesticles; testicles that are smaller than normal due to incomplete development, usually not isolated symptoms; testicles that become larger due to hyperplasia, such as testicular teratoma; congenital atrophy; testicular fusion; cryptorchidism; ectopic testicles; testicles.

2. Vas deferens malformation: It can be divided into various situations such as congenital absence, communication with the ureter, and duplicated vas deferens. If there is no other malformation and it is just a simple absence of the vas deferens, the patient's sexual desire and sexual function are normal, and the only symptom is infertility. The clinical manifestation is azoospermia, but the serum hormone levels are normal, which can be confirmed by testicular biopsy. If possible, surgical treatment can be performed to anastomose the vas deferens stump to the epididymis.

4. Penile abnormalities: complete absence of penis; latent penis; congenital penile torsion; double penis; penis that is too large or too small; phimosis; epispadias and hypospadias. The latter is more common, while the former is less common and can affect erectile function.

5. Congenital malformations:

(1) Prostate hypoplasia is often associated with hypoplasia of other sexual organs. Prostatic cysts may be complicated by dysuria.

(2) Absence of the seminal vesicles and infertility can be initially diagnosed by extremely low levels of fructose in the sperm and small amounts of semen, and can be confirmed by vas deferens seminal vesiculography.

Influence

1. Interference with sexual intercourse: A small number of patients experience pain during penile erection, which can cause sexual intercourse disorders, not to mention severe cases. Patients with severe conditions often have a curved penis, which will inevitably lead to sexual intercourse disorders and thus affect fertility. Leading to male infertility, do you know the cause of male infertility?

2. Hindering semen from entering the vagina: If semen cannot enter the vagina, how can conception occur? Hypospadias often hinders semen from entering the vagina, laying the groundwork for male infertility. Clinically, abnormal position of the urethral opening, especially proximal hypospadias, can cause patients to be unable to discharge semen into the female reproductive tract normally, thus affecting fertility.

3. Hypospadias is often accompanied by other malformations, increasing the chance of male infertility: In addition to hypospadias, patients with hypospadias may also have other malformations, and the occurrence of these malformations often leads to ejaculatory duct obstruction and thus infertility. For example, Müllerian duct cyst is a common complication. The occurrence of this malformation can often be manifested in semen examination as azoospermia or oligospermia. The semen is acidic and contains very little fructose, which lays the groundwork for male infertility and greatly increases the chance of male infertility.

4. Patients with hypospadias often have abnormal semen quality: As we all know, abnormal semen quality is one of the causes of male infertility. Literature shows that patients with hypospadias with complications have abnormal semen quality, which is mainly manifested as too little sperm production and decreased fertility. It is worth mentioning that patients with severe hypospadias may have symptoms such as short penis and sexual dysfunction after marriage, which to a certain extent increases the incidence of male infertility.