The most poisonous of the nine ancient poisons turned out to be this

Humans discovered poison purely by accident. Sometimes they would find that certain ingredients were highly toxic when working in the workshop. At that time, people who had knowledge of poisons were respected as sorcerers of the tribe. The first people to kill people by consuming poison were in the Roman Empire during the Christian era, but it is said that Indians, Chinese, Greeks, and Egyptians had already started using poison.

First place: Quinine

Quinine ranks first in the list of poisons. In addition to its ability to effectively kill malaria protozoa, it also has an important use - abortion.

Quinine can destroy smooth muscle myosin, causing rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle. Just think about the rhythmic contraction of uterine smooth muscle during pregnancy. It can also disrupt sweat gland secretion, leading to dehydration, and stimulate the digestive tract, causing internal bleeding. Eventually it leads to heart and lung failure.

The lethal dose of quinine is 8g. Because it is easily absorbed, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, blue lips, and a drop in body temperature usually occur within 30 minutes, and death from respiratory paralysis can occur within 1-2 hours. Quinine can also cause degeneration of retinal cells, and in severe cases can lead to optic nerve atrophy, which means that the sequelae of quinine poisoning is likely to be blindness.

However, since there is currently no specific medicine for quinine poisoning, first aid usually involves gastric lavage and enema. Since quinine is easily absorbed and is not a highly effective poison, by the time this symptom appears it is already too late.

Second place: Gastrodia elata

Those who have watched "The Return of the Condor Heroes" will definitely remember how Yang Guo detoxified after being poisoned by the love flower, which was to use the heartbreak grass to fight poison with poison. The heartbreak grass is actually a plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, the Cucurbitaceae vine. It is not a grass as described in the book, but an annual vine. Its main toxic substance is calenduline. According to the original book, after eating it, the intestines will turn black and stick together, and the person will die from constant abdominal pain. The general method of detoxification is gastric lavage, taking carbon ash, then using alkaline water and emetics. After gastric lavage, mung beans, honeysuckle and rapid decoction can be used for detoxification. Gelsemium elegans - Another theory is that it is Thunder Vine (Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica) Mung bean, honeysuckle and are actually universal detoxifiers. The same goes for litchi stalks, raw soy milk, etc.

3. Hedinghong

It also often appears in novels, but after checking all the books, there is no such entry. Crane meat, crane bones and crane brain can be used as medicine, but they are all non-toxic and are all nourishing and beneficial medicines. For example, crane brain can enhance eyesight and enable people to see at night. What exactly is red oxaline? I checked some informal articles and they said red oxaline is actually red oxaline. Realgar is a natural mineral of arsenic trioxide, which becomes the famous arsenic after processing.

It may be because the red heart stone is red that it was named Crane's Beak Red. Legend has it that officials in ancient times hid it in their crowns and used it to commit suicide when necessary, which is credible.

When arsenic enters our body, it will combine with the sulfur groups of proteins in the body, causing the proteins to denature and lose their original activity. This will block the oxidative energy supply pathway in the cells, causing the poisoned person to quickly lack ATP energy supply and cause death. This is similar to the mechanism of action of hydrogen cyanide.

4. Natural arsenic

Chemical composition: As2O3, isometric hexahedral crystal type. The single crystal shape is octahedron, and there is also rhombic dodecahedron. The aggregates are star-shaped, crust-shaped, hair-shaped, soil-shaped, and stalactite-shaped. The white color sometimes has a sky blue, yellow, or red hue, and it can also be colorless, with white or light yellow streaks. The luster is as good as glass and diamond, and it also has a grease and silk luster. Mohs hardness is 1.5, specific gravity is 3.73-3.90, cleavage is complete, fracture is shell-shaped, brittle, soluble in water, and highly toxic.

The toxicity of aconite is the same as that of monkshood, but weaker. It is just a commonly used medicine, so poisoning cases are more common, but deaths are rare. Generally, aconite poisoning is mostly caused by factors of the patient himself, such as allergies. As long as rescue is timely, there will be no danger. The specific measures are the same as those for treating aconite poisoning.

In addition, ginseng and aconite soup is the last emergency measure in traditional Chinese medicine, used to save life. But that thing cannot be used urgently and needs to be decocted for a long time, so the Chinese medicine hospital can only decoct a pot of it all day long.

5. Bloodthirst

Also known as "poison arrow tree" and "scissor tree", it is an endangered plant under national protection and one of the most poisonous plant species in the world.

The sap is milky white and highly poisonous. Once the fluid enters the blood through the wound, it can be life-threatening. The ancients often applied it on arrows to kill wild animals or enemies. Flash sale.

Native to Southeast Asia. It can be seen in Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden in Hainan, my country.

Photo taken at Hainan Tropical Botanical Garden in Danzhou. It is estimated that theoretically this tree is strong enough to knock down all the people of Hainan.

6. Castanea strychnifolia

It is Strychnos nux vomica, a plant of the Strychnos nux vomica family. It is 1.5 to 3 cm in diameter and 0.3 to 0.6 cm thick. One side is often raised and the other side is slightly concave, with fine hairs on the surface. The edge is slightly raised and thick, with a protruding dot-shaped hilum in the center of the bottom, and the texture is hard. The main toxic components are strychnine (C21H22O2N2, also known as strychnine) and brucine ( C23H26O4N2).

It is mainly used for stubborn rheumatism, numbness and paralysis, injuries from falls, swelling and pain from carbuncles, sequelae of polio, rheumatoid joint pain, and is said to be able to be used for myasthenia gravis. The symptoms of poisoning are initially headache, dizziness, irritability, increased breathing, muscle cramps, difficulty swallowing, increased breathing, pupil constriction, chest tightness, shortness of breath, tightness of the whole body, followed by extreme contraction of the extensor and flexor muscles at the same time, excessive sensitivity to hearing, vision, taste, and feeling, followed by typical symptoms of convulsions caused by poisoning, and finally death from respiratory muscle rigidity and suffocation.

The antidote is to use central nervous system depressants to stop convulsions, such as sodium amitraz, sodium pentobarbital or intravenous diazepam. Then wash the stomach, and then use , mung bean, , Mingteng, (take it with water), and decoct it in appropriate amount for 4 consecutive doses.