What are the clinical manifestations of skin diseases?

In daily life, it is inevitable that everyone will have some skin diseases on their bodies. For skin diseases with various manifestations, we don’t know what they are and how to treat them scientifically. In fact, each manifestation of skin disease has certain characteristics, so it is necessary for each of us to understand the various manifestations of skin diseases so that we can seek treatment with the correct method as soon as possible when the disease occurs.

A. The pathological changes of psoriasis vulgaris are hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis of the epidermis. Small abscesses composed of neutrophils can be seen in the parakeratotic areas, which are called Munro's abscesses. The granular layer is significantly reduced or disappeared. Thickening of the stratum spinosum. The epidermal processes extend, and their lower ends widen and can coincide with the adjacent epidermal processes. The dermal papilla extends in a club-shaped shape, and the spinous layer above it becomes thinner. The capillaries in the nipple dilate and become congested, so Auspitz's sign appears clinically. Infiltration of lymphocytes, neutrophils, etc. can be seen around the area.

B. The pathological changes of arthritis psoriasis are the same as those of psoriasis vulgaris mentioned above.

C. The pathological changes of erythrodermic psoriasis are mainly obvious inflammatory reaction and significant edema in the upper dermis. Other features are basically similar to those of psoriasis vulgaris.

D. The pathological changes of pustular psoriasis and acrodermatitis continua are characterized by the formation of larger pustules, namely Kogoj pustules, in the epidermis, mainly in the upper part of the epidermis. The pustules are mainly composed of neutrophils. Other changes are roughly the same as those of psoriasis vulgaris, but the incomplete keratinization and extension of epidermal protrusions are milder.

E. The pathological changes of palmoplantar pustulosis are unilocular pustules in the epidermis, with a large number of neutrophils and a small number of monocytes in the blisters, and infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes and neutrophils in the superficial dermis.

1 The rash is composed of wheals and erythematous spots of varying sizes and shapes. Often occur suddenly, in batches, and disappear quickly after a few hours, leaving no trace, but often recur;

2. Conscious itching, which may be accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, palpitations, and dyspnea. A few may also experience fever, joint swelling, hypotension, shock, laryngeal edema, and suffocation.

3 The duration of the disease varies. Acute urticaria lasts less than 1 month, while chronic urticaria lasts more than 1 month.

4 Skin scratch test showed positive reaction in some cases;

5 Varicella: According to clinical manifestations, it belongs to the blister type; according to the characteristics of the virus, it is caused by DNA virus-herpes simplex virus-varicella-zoster virus. The prodromal period is short, with the rash appearing in no more than 24 hours. The rash first appears on the trunk, gradually spreading to the head, face, and limbs, with a centripetal distribution. Initially, it is a red, needle-sized macule, which quickly develops into a papule, and a few hours later, it turns into a mung bean-sized blisters, which may be oval in shape, with thin and easily broken blister walls. It dries and forms a scab in 2-3 days, and then the scab falls off and the disease heals. The course of the disease is 2 weeks. The atypical forms seen in pediatrics include bullous varicella and neonatal varicella. Rare complications that occasionally occur include varicella encephalitis, pneumonia, acute encephalopathy, etc. (We rescued many cases of varicella combined with severe encephalitis in the 1960s and 1980s, but it is almost never seen now).

6 Measles: According to the type of virus, it is caused by RNA virus - parmyxovirus - measles virus, which is more common in children under 5 years old. The incubation period is 9-11 days. The prodromal period is usually about 3 days, with fever rising and catarrhal symptoms obvious. The rash occurs from behind the ears to the face and neck to the chest and back to the limbs. The rash appears as rose-colored macules or papules, and normal skin can be seen between the rashes. Internal eruptions may also occur, which are koplik spots that occur on the buccal mucosa 1-2 days after onset. It is often accompanied by bronchopneumonia, laryngitis, enteritis, encephalitis, heart failure, etc., with a course of 10-14 days.

7 Rubella: It is caused by small DNA rubella virus and is more common in young children. The incubation period is 5-20 days. There may be a mild fever before the onset of the disease. The rash spreads from the face to the trunk and limbs. The rash appears as light red macules or papules. The internal rash appears as macules or petechiae on the soft palate, accompanied by enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and occipital region.

8 Roseola infantum: A small epidemic in winter and spring, possibly caused by a virus (Coxsackievirus), also known as infantile roseola or sixth disease. It is more common in children aged 6 months to 2 years, with an incubation period of 10-15 days. There are no prodromal symptoms, and high fever often occurs suddenly, with the body temperature rising to 39-40 degrees. When the body temperature drops suddenly after 3-5 days, a rash will appear, first occurring in the neck, trunk, upper limbs, lower legs, and face. The rash is rose-red maculopapular with no internal rash. It is accompanied by cervical and occipital lymphadenopathy, and occasionally otitis media and bronchitis.

9 Hand, foot and mouth disease: Mainly caused by Coxsackie A16 virus among the small RNA viruses, and sometimes by Coxsackie A2, A4, A5, and A10. It is more common in preschool children, especially infants aged 1-2 years. It is prevalent in summer and autumn, with an incubation period of 4-7 days. The systemic symptoms are mild, and there may be symptoms such as mild fever, headache, and loss of appetite before the rash appears. The rash is characterized by blisters on the back and sides of the fingers (toes), and painful blisters on the hard palate, cheek gums and tongue of the mouth. They are the size of rice grains to peas, hemispherical or elliptical, with thin blister walls, clear contents, and pearly white color. The number of blisters is not large, but more than 50 may be seen. The whole course of the disease is about 1 week, and recurrence is rare.

10 Molluscum contagiosum: It is caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus among the poxviruses, with an incubation period of 14-50 days. It is characterized by the appearance of small papules with a waxy luster on the skin, with sunken tops, from which cheese-like soft bodies can be squeezed out. The number of tumors varies and they do not fuse. They usually disappear in 6-9 months, but some may last for several years.

Through the above article, everyone has a certain understanding of the manifestations of various skin diseases, and has certain methods for how to treat them. In fact, when skin diseases occur, there is no need to be so nervous. If you master scientific methods of treatment, you can recover quickly.